Impact of Smoking Information on Concerns About Radon
17. april 2019 opdateret af: Paul Windschitl
Despite a push for tailored messages, health communications are often aimed at, and viewed by, people with varying levels of risk.
This project examined-in the context of radon risk messages-whether information relevant to high-risk individuals can have an unintended influence on lower-risk individuals.
Specifically, the investigators assessed whether information about lung-cancer risk from smoking reduced concerns about lung-cancer risk from radon among nonsmokers.
The investigators hypothesized that non-smokers who read a message that included smoking-relevant information would express less concern about the effects of radon exposure and less interest in testing their home compared to those who read a version in which smoking-relevant information was excluded.
Two studies were conducted.
Although the investigators did not exclude smokers, the focus was on participants self-identifying as nonsmokers (including never smokers and former smokers).
Studieoversigt
Status
Afsluttet
Detaljeret beskrivelse
Despite a push for tailored messages, health communications are often aimed at, and viewed by, people with varying levels of risk.
This project examined-in the context of radon risk messages-whether information relevant to high-risk individuals can have an unintended influence on lower-risk individuals.
Specifically, the investigators assessed whether information about lung-cancer risk from smoking reduced concerns about lung-cancer risk from radon among nonsmokers.
The investigators hypothesized that non-smokers who read a message that included smoking-relevant information would express less concern about the effects of radon exposure and less interest in testing their home compared to those who read a version in which smoking-relevant information was excluded.
Two studies were conducted.
Although the investigators did not exclude smokers, the focus was on participants self-identifying as nonsmokers (including never smokers and former smokers).
Participants in both studies were recruited through Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk).
Participants viewed radon messages that varied in the information they communicated about smoking's effect on lung cancer.
In Study 1, smoking information was included or excluded from messages assembled from existing radon pamphlets.
In Study 2, versions of a new radon message either excluded smoking information, described smoking as a major cause of lung cancer, or also described smoking's synergistic effect with radon on lung cancer risk.
After viewing a radon health message, participants completed a variety of measures.
Primary measures assessed respondents' anticipated sense of concern and related reactions if they learned that they/their home had been exposed to elevated levels of radon.
Other key measures included questions about participants' interest and intention to test their home for radon.
Undersøgelsestype
Interventionel
Tilmelding (Faktiske)
1390
Fase
- Ikke anvendelig
Deltagelseskriterier
Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.
Berettigelseskriterier
Aldre berettiget til at studere
18 år og ældre (Voksen, Ældre voksen)
Tager imod sunde frivillige
Ja
Køn, der er berettiget til at studere
Alle
Beskrivelse
Inclusion Criteria:
- Live within the US
- Have an Amazon Mechanical Turk account (website where online study was posted)
Exclusion Criteria:
- None
Studieplan
Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.
Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?
Design detaljer
- Primært formål: Forebyggelse
- Tildeling: Randomiseret
- Interventionel model: Faktoriel opgave
- Maskning: Enkelt
Våben og indgreb
Deltagergruppe / Arm |
Intervention / Behandling |
|---|---|
|
Aktiv komparator: Study 1: Radon&Smoking Synergistic/EPA
Participants viewed radon and smoking risk information taken from the EPA's pamphlet on the dangers of radon gas exposure.
|
Participants viewed health information detailing the risks of developing lung cancer from exposure to radon gas, smoking, and their synergistic effects.
This intervention represents the type of information most commonly presented in radon risk communications.
Health information modeled after the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) pamphlet on radon risk.
|
|
Aktiv komparator: Study 1: Radon&Smoking Synergistic/Idaho
Participants viewed radon and smoking risk information taken from Idaho's Department of Health and Human Welfare's pamphlet on the dangers of radon gas exposure.
|
Participants viewed health information detailing the risks of developing lung cancer from exposure to radon gas, smoking, and their synergistic effects.
This intervention represents the type of information most commonly presented in radon risk communications.
Health information modeled after the Idaho Department of Health and Human Welfare's pamphlet on radon risk.
|
|
Eksperimentel: Study 1: Radon Only / EPA
Participants viewed only radon risk information taken from the EPA's pamphlet on the dangers of radon gas exposure.
|
Health information modeled after the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) pamphlet on radon risk.
Participants viewed health information detailing the risks of developing lung cancer from radon exposure.
No information about the risks for developing lung cancer associated with smoking or its synergistic effect with radon exposure are included.
|
|
Eksperimentel: Study 1: Radon Only / Idaho
Participants viewed only radon risk information taken from Idaho's Department of Health and Human Welfare's pamphlet on the dangers of radon gas exposure.
|
Health information modeled after the Idaho Department of Health and Human Welfare's pamphlet on radon risk.
Participants viewed health information detailing the risks of developing lung cancer from radon exposure.
No information about the risks for developing lung cancer associated with smoking or its synergistic effect with radon exposure are included.
|
|
Eksperimentel: Study 2: Radon Only
Participants viewed a radon-only message that focused only on the effect of radon on lung-cancer risk.
|
Participants viewed health information detailing the risks of developing lung cancer from radon exposure.
No information about the risks for developing lung cancer associated with smoking or its synergistic effect with radon exposure are included.
|
|
Andet: Study 2: Radon and Smoking Isolated
Participants viewed a radon-and-smoking-isolated message that covered the individual effects of radon and of smoking on lung cancer, but without mentioning their synergistic effect.
|
Participants viewed health information detailing the risks of developing lung cancer from radon exposure and smoking.
No information describing the synergistic effects of smoking and radon exposure on lung cancer risk are included.
|
|
Aktiv komparator: Study 2: Radon & Smoking Synergistic
Participants viewed a radon-and-smoking-synergistic message that covered the individual effects of radon and of smoking but that also included information about their synergistic effect.
|
Participants viewed health information detailing the risks of developing lung cancer from exposure to radon gas, smoking, and their synergistic effects.
This intervention represents the type of information most commonly presented in radon risk communications.
|
Hvad måler undersøgelsen?
Primære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
|
Conditional Concern Composite
Tidsramme: Immediately post-intervention (approx. 1 minute)
|
Composite formed from 4 conditional questions assessing concern, perceived impact on risk and comparative risk, and threat--if exposed to radon
|
Immediately post-intervention (approx. 1 minute)
|
|
Interest in Testing Composite
Tidsramme: Immediately post-intervention (approx. 2 minutes)
|
Composite formed from 2 questions assessing importance and intention to test home for radon
|
Immediately post-intervention (approx. 2 minutes)
|
Sekundære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
|
Worry Elicited by Health Message
Tidsramme: Immediately post-intervention (approx. 2 minutes)
|
Single question assessing worry elicited by the health communication material
|
Immediately post-intervention (approx. 2 minutes)
|
|
Likelihood Judgments about Lung Cancer
Tidsramme: Immediately post-intervention (approx. 4 minutes)
|
Three items assessing perceived likelihood of developing lung cancer
|
Immediately post-intervention (approx. 4 minutes)
|
|
Elect to Leave Email for Raffle
Tidsramme: Immediately post-intervention (approx. 4 minutes)
|
Participants given option to leave email address in case they won one of the 20 radon kits being raffled (Study 2).
|
Immediately post-intervention (approx. 4 minutes)
|
|
Elect to Read More
Tidsramme: Immediately post-intervention (approx. 4 minutes)
|
Participants given option to be presented with more information at the end of the session about testing for radon (Study 2).
|
Immediately post-intervention (approx. 4 minutes)
|
|
Concern about Loved Ones If Exposed to Radon
Tidsramme: Immediately post-intervention (approx. 4 minutes)
|
Rated how concerned they would be about loved ones if they learned their home had high radon (Study 2)
|
Immediately post-intervention (approx. 4 minutes)
|
Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere
Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.
Sponsor
Datoer for undersøgelser
Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.
Studer store datoer
Studiestart (Faktiske)
7. august 2015
Primær færdiggørelse (Faktiske)
22. april 2016
Studieafslutning (Faktiske)
22. april 2016
Datoer for studieregistrering
Først indsendt
30. marts 2018
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
13. april 2018
Først opslået (Faktiske)
17. april 2018
Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler
Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)
19. april 2019
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
17. april 2019
Sidst verificeret
1. april 2019
Mere information
Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse
Nøgleord
Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
- 201507727
Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)
Planlægger du at dele individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)?
JA
IPD-planbeskrivelse
De-identified data and guide will be made available to other investigators upon request.
IPD-delingstidsramme
Requested data will be made available upon publication of the project.
IPD-delingsadgangskriterier
Please contact corresponding author Dr. Paul Windschitl at paul-windschitl@uiowa.edu
IPD-deling Understøttende informationstype
- ANALYTIC_CODE
Lægemiddel- og udstyrsoplysninger, undersøgelsesdokumenter
Studerer et amerikansk FDA-reguleret lægemiddelprodukt
Ingen
Studerer et amerikansk FDA-reguleret enhedsprodukt
Ingen
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