Effects of Smoking Cues on Tobacco Craving Responses and the Reinforcing Efficacy of Cigarettes in Smokers With and Without Schizophrenia

Inclusion Criteria for Schizophrenia Patients

1. 18-64 year old males and females
2. Smoking at least 10 cigarettes per day for at least 1 year
3. Urinary cotinine level ≥ 100 ng/ml (NicAlert® reading ≥ 3)
4. Current DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia and stable medication regimen (see above)
5. Medically healthy as determined by screening criteria

Inclusion Criteria for Healthy Volunteers

1. 18-64 year old males and females
2. Smoking at least 10 cigarettes per day for at least 1 year
3. Urinary cotinine level ≥ 100 ng/ml (NicAlert® reading ≥ 3)
4. Medically and psychologically healthy as determined by screening criteria

Exclusion Criteria for Schizophrenia Patients

1. Current interest in reducing or quitting tobacco use
2. Treatment for tobacco dependence in the past 3 months
3. Use of nicotine replacement products, bupropion, or varenicline in the past 3 months
4. Consumption of more than 15 alcoholic drinks per week during the past month
5. Use of any illicit drug more than twice per week during the past month
6. Current use of any medication that would interfere with the protocol in the opinion of MAI (e.g., medications that would interfere with the cue reactivity portion of the study including, but not limited to, antidepressants, first-generation antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers)
7. Under the influence of a drug or alcohol at experimental sessions
8. Pregnant, nursing, or become pregnant during the study

Exclusion Criteria for Healthy Volunteers

1. Current interest in reducing or quitting tobacco use
2. Treatment for tobacco dependence in the past 3 months
3. Use of nicotine replacement products, bupropion, or varenicline in the past 3 months
4. Consumption of more than 15 alcoholic drinks per week during the past month
5. Use of any illicit drug more than twice per week during the past month
6. Current use of any medication that would interfere with the protocol in the opinion of MAI (e.g., medications that would interfere with the cue reactivity portion of the study including, but not limited to, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers)
7. Under the influence of a drug or alcohol at experimental sessions
8. Pregnant, nursing, or become pregnant during the study