Concept Mapping and Gamification in Arterial Blood Gas Analysis Education (ABG)
Effect of Concept Mapping and Gamification on Arterial Blood Gas Analysis Skills
Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis is a complex clinical competency that requires the integrated interpretation of acid-base balance, oxygenation, and ventilation parameters in relation to the clinical presentation. Although various student-centered educational approaches have been used in ABG education, higher-order cognitive outcomes such as problem-solving, decision-making, and long-term retention of learning have received comparatively limited attention.
This two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial evaluates the effects of an interactive instructional approach integrating concept mapping and gamification on ABG education among first-year students enrolled in the Anesthesia Program. Participants are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the intervention or control group. Both groups receive one 90-minute educational session per week for four consecutive weeks, with the educational content, learning objectives, duration of instruction, and weekly sequence of topics standardized across groups. The control group receives structured lectures using a traditional instructor-centered teaching approach, supplemented by responses to students' questions and written instructional materials. The intervention group receives an interactive educational program integrating concept mapping, clinical case analysis, Wordwall activities, Kahoot! quizzes, points, digital badges, and a leaderboard.
The primary outcome is conceptual knowledge of ABG analysis. Secondary outcomes include clinical scenario interpretation skills, problem-solving ability, and clinical decision-making tendencies. Outcomes are assessed at baseline, immediately after completion of the four-week educational program, and three months after completion of the program to assess retention of learning.
Descripción general del estudio
Estado
Condiciones
Intervención / Tratamiento
Descripción detallada
Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis is a fundamental clinical competency that requires the integrated interpretation of acid-base balance, oxygenation, and ventilation parameters in relation to the clinical presentation. Students may experience difficulty integrating relationships among physiological concepts, transferring theoretical knowledge to clinical scenarios, and interpreting complex acid-base disorders. Although various student-centered educational approaches have been used in ABG education, higher-order cognitive outcomes such as problem-solving, decision-making, and long-term retention of learning have received comparatively limited attention.
This study is designed as a two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial with pretest, posttest, and follow-up assessments. The study is conducted among first-year students enrolled in the Anesthesia Program of the Vocational School of Health Services at KTO Karatay University. The Anesthesia Program is a two-year associate degree program that trains anesthesia technicians who assist in maintaining airway patency and the safe delivery of anesthesia under the supervision of an anesthesiologist.
Participants are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the intervention or control group. Both groups receive one 90-minute educational session per week for four consecutive weeks. The educational content, learning objectives, duration of instruction, and weekly sequence of topics are standardized across groups, with the primary difference being the instructional approach.
In the control group, instruction is delivered through structured lectures using a traditional instructor-centered teaching approach. Fundamental concepts and the steps involved in ABG interpretation are explained using examples. The sessions are supplemented by responses to students' questions and written instructional materials aligned with the course content.
In the intervention group, instruction is delivered using an interactive approach integrating concept mapping and gamification. Concept maps developed with CmapTools are used to present fundamental concepts and the relationships among them, followed by completion and review of semi-structured concept maps. Clinical case scenarios are analyzed in small groups, followed by interactive Wordwall activities and weekly Kahoot! quizzes. Gamification elements include points, digital badges, and a leaderboard. Immediate feedback is provided throughout the educational activities. All educational sessions are delivered according to a standardized educational protocol.
The primary outcome is conceptual knowledge of ABG analysis. Secondary outcomes include clinical scenario interpretation skills, problem-solving ability, and clinical decision-making tendencies. Outcomes are assessed at baseline before the educational program, immediately after completion of the four-week educational program, and three months after completion of the program to assess retention of learning.
Tipo de estudio
Inscripción (Actual)
Fase
- No aplica
Contactos y Ubicaciones
Ubicaciones de estudio
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Lecturer
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Konya, Lecturer, Turquía (Türkiye), 42020
- KTO Karatay University, Vocational School of Health Services, Anesthesia Program
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Criterios de participación
Criterio de elegibilidad
Edades elegibles para estudiar
- Adulto
- Adulto Mayor
Acepta Voluntarios Saludables
Descripción
Inclusion Criteria:
- Voluntary agreement to participate in the study
- Being a first-year student in the Anesthesia Program
- Ability to understand and speak Turkish
- Using a mobile device with Android v5.0 or higher or iOS v9.0 or higher operating system
Exclusion Criteria:
- Having previously completed another undergraduate degree before enrollment in the Anesthesia Program
- Having previously received arterial blood gas analysis education in any educational program
- Failure to complete the post-test or retention test assessments
Plan de estudios
¿Cómo está diseñado el estudio?
Detalles de diseño
- Propósito principal: Investigación de servicios de salud
- Asignación: Aleatorizado
- Modelo Intervencionista: Asignación paralela
- Enmascaramiento: Único
Armas e Intervenciones
Grupo de participantes/brazo |
Intervención / Tratamiento |
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Experimental: Intervention Group
Participants assigned to the intervention group received a four-week interactive educational program integrating concept mapping and gamification for arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis.
The program consisted of four weekly 90-minute sessions delivered by the same instructor according to a standardized educational protocol.
Concept mapping included theoretical instruction supported by concept maps developed using CmapTools and completion of semi-structured concept maps individually and through small-group review.
Gamification-based activities included clinical case analysis, interactive Wordwall activities, weekly Kahoot!
quizzes, points, digital badges, and a leaderboard.
Immediate feedback was provided throughout the educational activities.
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As part of the four-week intervention program, concept mapping was used to support theoretical instruction in arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis.
Concept maps developed using CmapTools were used to present fundamental concepts and the relationships among them.
Students were then provided with semi-structured concept maps from which selected concepts, connections, and linking phrases had been removed.
Students completed the missing components individually, reviewed their responses through small-group discussions, and participated in a whole-class review with instructor feedback and clarification of the correct conceptual relationships.
As part of the four-week intervention program, students participated in gamification-based learning activities related to ABG analysis.
Clinical case scenarios aligned with the weekly educational content were analyzed in small groups, followed by interactive Wordwall activities and a weekly Kahoot!
quiz consisting of 10 multiple-choice questions.
Immediate feedback was provided after the activities.
A multicomponent reward system consisting of points, digital badges, and a leaderboard was used.
Student performance was evaluated on a 100-point scale during each session, and students achieving a weekly total score of ≥80 received a digital badge and had their scores displayed on the leaderboard.
Students scoring <80 received feedback on areas requiring further learning.
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Comparador activo: Control Group
Participants assigned to the control group received one 90-minute educational session per week for four consecutive weeks using a structured, traditional instructor-centered teaching approach.
Fundamental concepts and the steps involved in arterial blood gas (ABG) interpretation were explained using examples.
The sessions were supplemented by responses to students' questions and written instructional materials aligned with the course content.
The educational content, learning objectives, session duration, and weekly sequence of topics were standardized across groups.
Concept mapping and gamification-based activities were not used in the control group.
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Participants in the control group received one 90-minute educational session per week for four consecutive weeks using a structured, traditional instructor-centered teaching approach.
Fundamental concepts and the steps involved in arterial blood gas (ABG) interpretation were explained using examples.
The sessions were supplemented by responses to students' questions and written instructional materials aligned with the course content.
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¿Qué mide el estudio?
Medidas de resultado primarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
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Conceptual Knowledge of Arterial Blood Gas Analysis
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline, immediately after the intervention, and 3 months after the intervention
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Conceptual knowledge of arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis will be assessed using the Arterial Blood Gas Analysis Knowledge Test developed by the research team.
The test consists of 25 true/false items, including 15 items assessing conceptual knowledge and 10 items assessing clinical scenario interpretation skills.
Each correct response is scored as 1 and each incorrect response as 0. Raw scores for each section are converted to standardized scores ranging from 0 to 100.
Only the 15 conceptual knowledge items will be used for the primary outcome analysis.
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Baseline, immediately after the intervention, and 3 months after the intervention
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Medidas de resultado secundarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
|---|---|---|
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Clinical Scenario Interpretation Skills
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline, immediately after completion of the intervention, and 3 months after the intervention.
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Clinical scenario interpretation skills will be assessed using the clinical scenario interpretation section of the Arterial Blood Gas Analysis Knowledge Test developed by the research team.
This section consists of 10 true/false items based on clinical scenarios.
Each correct response is scored as 1 and each incorrect response as 0. Raw scores are converted to standardized scores ranging from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better clinical scenario interpretation skills.
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Baseline, immediately after completion of the intervention, and 3 months after the intervention.
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Problem-Solving Skills
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline, immediately after completion of the intervention, and 3 months after the intervention
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Problem-solving skills will be assessed using the Problem Solving Inventory (PSI).
The inventory evaluates perceived problem-solving skills, with lower scores indicating better problem-solving ability.
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Baseline, immediately after completion of the intervention, and 3 months after the intervention
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Clinical Decision-Making Tendencies
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline, immediately after completion of the intervention, and 3 months after the intervention
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Clinical decision-making tendencies will be assessed using the Decision-Making Styles Scale (DMSS).
The scale evaluates rational, intuitive, dependent, avoidant, and spontaneous decision-making tendencies.
Higher scores indicate a greater tendency toward the corresponding decision-making style.
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Baseline, immediately after completion of the intervention, and 3 months after the intervention
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Colaboradores e Investigadores
Patrocinador
Fechas de registro del estudio
Fechas importantes del estudio
Inicio del estudio (Actual)
Finalización primaria (Actual)
Finalización del estudio (Actual)
Fechas de registro del estudio
Enviado por primera vez
Primero enviado que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
Publicado por primera vez (Actual)
Actualizaciones de registros de estudio
Última actualización publicada (Actual)
Última actualización enviada que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
Última verificación
Más información
Términos relacionados con este estudio
Palabras clave
Otros números de identificación del estudio
- ABG-CM-GAM-2026
Plan de datos de participantes individuales (IPD)
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Información sobre medicamentos y dispositivos, documentos del estudio
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