Predictors and Outcomes of Ventilated Hospital-acquired Pneumonia

All subjects will be subjected to Complete history taking including demographic characteristics, diagnosis on admission to hospital, previous antibiotic treatment in the last 90 days, antibiotics upon which HAP developed, antibiotics described for HAP treatment, hospital stay before diagnosis of hospital-acquired pneumonia and before ICU admission, steroid use, inhalation antibiotic use, length of ICU stay, length of hospital stay, chronic underlying diseases,and APACHE II score. Vital signs, complete lab investigation sputum and blood cultures, Imaging, and arterial blood gases will be collected as soon as HAP diagnosis is settled and the following indices will be recorded

1. CURB-65 and CRB-65 scores: The score is an acronym for each of the risk factors measured. Each risk factor scores one point, for a maximum score of 5: Confusion of new onset, Urea > 7 mmol/l (Blood Urea Nitrogen >19), Respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute or greater, Blood pressure less than 90 mmHg systolic or diastolic blood pressure 60 mmHg or less and Age 65 or older [4].
2. SMART-COP and SMRT-CO: The score is also an acronym for each of the risk factors measured; Systolic blood pressure (<90 mmHg, 2 points); Multilobar chest radiography involvement (1 point); low Albumin level (<3.5 g/dl, 1 point); high respiratory Rate (≤50 years: ≥25 br/min,>50 years: ≥30 br/min; 1 point); Tachycardia (≥125 bpm; 1 point); Confusion (new onset; 1 point); poor Oxygenation (≤50 years: PaO2 < 70 mmHg or O2 saturation ≤ 93%,>50 years: PaO2 <60 mmHg or O2 saturation <90%; 2 points); and low arterial PH (<7.35; 2 points)[5].