Multicomponent Exercise Program Effects on Performance and Injury Reduction in Recreational Runners
31 de julio de 2026 actualizado por: Yeditepe University
THE IMPACT OF A MULTICOMPONENT EXERCISE PROGRAM ON ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE, PHYSICAL PARAMETERS, AND INJURY REDUCTION IN RECREATIONAL RUNNERS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL.
Study aim was to evaluate effectiveness of two home-based exercise programs upon athletic performance, physical parameters and injury reduction in recreational runners. Participants were randomized to multicomponent and traditional strength exercise program in block randomization. Primary outcomes were maximal oxygen uptake (VO2Max) calculated with 20 meter (m) shuttle run test (20m SRT), muscle strength of quadriceps femoris, hamstring and gluteus medius calculated via handheld dynamometer (HHD), plyometric performance measured via countermovement jump (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ), foot posture assessment with foot posture index and navicular drop, core endurance with prone bridge, side bridge and horizontal extension and calf endurance values. Secondary outcome was injury reduction followed via self made questionnaire that was sent each week to the participants in order them to record injury and training characteristic of that with including running and exercise program. Programs were given online without supervision 2-3 times a week. Study consisted of 16-weeks with 8-week training, and 8 weeks follow up including baseline and 8th week assessment. In each assessment all the primary outcomes measured.
H0: There will be no improvement in athletic performance, physical parameters, and injury risk after the multi-component exercise program.
H1: There will be improvement in athletic performance, physical parameters, and injury risk after the multi-component exercise program.
Descripción general del estudio
Estado
Suspendido
Condiciones
Intervención / Tratamiento
Tipo de estudio
Intervencionista
Inscripción (Actual)
29
Fase
- No aplica
Contactos y Ubicaciones
Esta sección proporciona los datos de contacto de quienes realizan el estudio e información sobre dónde se lleva a cabo este estudio.
Ubicaciones de estudio
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Kadıköy
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Istanbul, Kadıköy, Turquía (Türkiye), 34726
- PT Academy
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Criterios de participación
Los investigadores buscan personas que se ajusten a una determinada descripción, denominada criterio de elegibilidad. Algunos ejemplos de estos criterios son el estado de salud general de una persona o tratamientos previos.
Criterio de elegibilidad
Edades elegibles para estudiar
- Adulto
- Adulto Mayor
Acepta Voluntarios Saludables
Sí
Descripción
Inclusion Criteria:
- The primary sport must be running.
- Be between 18 and 65 years of age.
- Participate in races.
- Run 20-100 km per week.
- Have at least 12 months of regular running experience.
- At least 3 running training sessions per week.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Did not injured in the last 3 months.
- Did not undergone surgery in the last 12 months.
- Did not have any issues that limit strength training.
- Did not having any neurological, tumor, cardiovascular, rheumatological, or hormonal diseases.
Plan de estudios
Esta sección proporciona detalles del plan de estudio, incluido cómo está diseñado el estudio y qué mide el estudio.
¿Cómo está diseñado el estudio?
Detalles de diseño
- Propósito principal: Prevención
- Asignación: Aleatorizado
- Modelo Intervencionista: Asignación paralela
- Enmascaramiento: Único
Armas e Intervenciones
Grupo de participantes/brazo |
Intervención / Tratamiento |
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Experimental: Grupo de ejercicios multicomponentes
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Intervention group received an exercise program that includes same warm-up and cool-down periods containing strength and flexibility exercises with control group.
Participants performed the exercises on their own using videos without supervision at home.
The multicomponent exercise program which was intervention group included plyometric, strength, and core (lumbopelvic and foot region) exercises.
The program was implemented 2-3 times per week.
Exercises delivered to participants via Google Drive using exercise videos recorded by researchers, ensuring proper technique was maintained, allowing participants to perform the exercises at home without supervision.
Additionally, detailed information about the exercise system and important considerations or precautions while doing the exercise were told in videos.
Furthermore, general guidelines including, detailed information about study, drop out criteria, precautions for
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Comparador activo: Traditional Strength Exercise Group
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Control group received an exercise program that includes same warm-up and cool-down periods containing strength and flexibility exercises with intervention group.
Participants performed the exercises on their own using videos without supervision at home.
The control group only received strength and core exercises.
The program was implemented 2-3 times per week.
Exercises delivered to participants via Google Drive using exercise videos recorded by researchers, ensuring proper technique was maintained, allowing participants to perform the exercises at home without supervision.
Additionally, detailed information about the exercise system and important considerations or precautions while doing the exercise were told in videos.
Furthermore, general guidelines including, detailed information about study, drop out criteria, precautions for
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¿Qué mide el estudio?
Medidas de resultado primarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
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Countermovement Jump
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and 8th week assessment
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In order to execute the jump the participant jumped with fast deceleration till 90-degree squat position followed by maximum effort acceleration while holding their hand on their hip.
Subjects should perform three jumps, and the best of the three was used.
There should be 1-minute rest period between repetitions .
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Baseline and 8th week assessment
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Drop Jump
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and 8th week assessment
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The participant will perform drop jump from a 30 cm box.
They should keep their hands on their hips while executing the jump all the time.
At the start of the jump, the participant must step off the box with one foot.
After drop patient should jump maximally as soon as possible after touching the ground.
Therefore, minimum ground contact time and maximum vertical distance were expected Three trials should executed, and the best one will used in the analysis
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Baseline and 8th week assessment
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Gluteus Medius Strength
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and 8th week assessment
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Isometric strength of the gluteus medius will be assessed using the Microfet 2 handheld dynamometer, which was reliable for measuring the hip muscle system.
The participant must exert maximal effort for 5 seconds in a predetermined direction which was hip abduction in this case.
Two repetitions will be performed, and the best result will be recorded.
Hip abduction will be measured in the side-lying position with the contralateral leg flexed at 30 degrees at the hip and knee.
The tested leg will be positioned at 0 degrees hip flexion, 10 degrees hip abduction, and full knee extension.
The dynamometer will be placed 5 cm proximally to the lateral condyle of the femur.
A strap will be used to secure the patient from the iliac crest to the bed .
Before executing the test 3 sets of 5 second submaximal contraction required for warm up.
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Baseline and 8th week assessment
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Quadriceps Femoris Strength
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and 8th week assessment.
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the handheld dynamometer was applicable for assessing quadriceps peak torque and late torque production rate .
The intraclass correlation coefficient for isometric quadriceps measurements was 0.96.
The dynamometer was secured by attaching a strap to leg extension machine .
The quadriceps muscle strength will be assessed while seated with the knee flexed at 60 degrees.
Three trials will be used and the best one will be recorded .
There will be three submaximal contractions for adaptation for warm up .
The dynamometer will be placed on the anterior tibia, two fingers above the lateral malleolus .
Handles will be used to secure participants.
Maximum leg extension will be wanted from patient to measure strength after positioning patient for about 6-8 second.
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Baseline and 8th week assessment.
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Hamstring Strength
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and 8th week assessment.
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The assessment will be performed with the knee flexed at 30 degrees in a seated position in a leg extension machine secured by straps from thigh and handles in the sides [88,89].
Three trials will be used, and the best one will be recorded .
There will be three submaximal contractions for adaptation and warm up beforehand .
The dynamometer will be at the level of the lateral malleolus, and the evaluator stabilizing the dynamometer strap using their body .
Maximum leg flexion will be wanted from patient to measure strength after positioning patient for about 6-8 second.
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Baseline and 8th week assessment.
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Calf Endurance
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and 8th week assessment
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Calf endurance test was valid test for assessing calf endurance.
The participants will perform as many calves raises as possible on a 10-degree inclined surface, extending their knees and using a metronome of 30 beats per minute representing 30 repetitions per minute .
Before the test, each participant will warm up with ten bilateral standing heel raises to get used to the metronome speed.
The test termination criteria will be explained to the participants which were if the heel can no longer be raised off the incline board, if the digital metronome's pace can no longer be followed and if the knee angle or trunk posture can no longer be maintained or more than fingertip support on the wall is required for balance.
A verbal cue was supplied if a termination requirement was met.
When two successive prompts went unanswered, the test was stopped .
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Baseline and 8th week assessment
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Core endurance
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and 8th week assessment
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The participant will be asked to maintain the maximum duration in seconds throughout the predefined positions.
The posterior core will be assessed using the horizontal extension test, the lateral core using the lateral bridge, and the anterior core using the prone bridge.
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Baseline and 8th week assessment
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Foot posture index
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and 8th week assessment
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FPI consisted of 6 measurements which were themed from parts of the foot such as forefoot, midfoot and rearfoot.
Each evaluation scored with 5 scores consisting of -2 to +2.
These evaluations were: talar head palpation, curves above and below lateral malleolus, inversion and eversion of the calcaneus, bulge in the region of talonavicular joint, congruence of the medial longitudinal arch, abduction and adduction of forefoot on the rearfoot (too-many-toes) .Participant will evaluated in a relaxed standing position .
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Baseline and 8th week assessment
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Navicular drop
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and 8th week assessment
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The distance from navicular tuberosity will be measured via using a meter in sitting position when subtalar joint was in neutral position.
After that same distance will be measured in weight bearing position.
The difference between the two measurements will give the navicular drop difference.
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Baseline and 8th week assessment
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Shuttle Run Test
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and 8th week assessment
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When the athlete begins the test, their speed was 8.5 kilometers per hour (km/h) and were increased by 0.5 km/h in every minute.
The test stopped if the athlete cannot keep up with the pace or fails to complete the shuttle within the predetermined time limits on two consecutive attempts .
VO2 max values calculated according to the results described by Ramsbotton and colleagues and the VO2 max conversion table .
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Baseline and 8th week assessment
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Medidas de resultado secundarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
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Injury Tracking Assessment
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline to 16th week in each week questionnaire sent.
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Injury tracking and training-related variables will be collected through questionnaire that was created for this study.
The questionnaire will be self-administered and will used to assess the incidence and prevalence of injuries.
It included questions about how many sessions of the programs were performed weekly and the duration of each session.
Additionally, there were questions about the number of weekly running training sessions, the surface, the distance covered, and the duration of each session.
Finally, there were questions about whether an injury occurred, the location of the injury, how (sudden or gradual) and when the pain manifested.
An injury was classified as a running-related injury resulting inability to participate in the next training session due to any musculoskeletal complaint .
A Google form will be used to collect these questions.
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Baseline to 16th week in each week questionnaire sent.
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Colaboradores e Investigadores
Aquí es donde encontrará personas y organizaciones involucradas en este estudio.
Patrocinador
Publicaciones y enlaces útiles
La persona responsable de ingresar información sobre el estudio proporciona voluntariamente estas publicaciones. Estos pueden ser sobre cualquier cosa relacionada con el estudio.
Publicaciones Generales
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- Rivera CE. Core and Lumbopelvic Stabilization in Runners. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2016 Feb;27(1):319-37. doi: 10.1016/j.pmr.2015.09.003.
- Redmond AC, Crane YZ, Menz HB. Normative values for the Foot Posture Index. J Foot Ankle Res. 2008 Jul 31;1(1):6. doi: 10.1186/1757-1146-1-6.
- Markovic G, Dizdar D, Jukic I, Cardinale M. Reliability and factorial validity of squat and countermovement jump tests. J Strength Cond Res. 2004 Aug;18(3):551-5. doi: 10.1519/1533-4287(2004)182.0.CO;2.
- Reinking MF, Bockrath-Pugliese K, Worrell T, Kegerreis RL, Miller-Sayers K, Farr J. Assessment of quadriceps muscle performance by hand-held, isometric, and isokinetic dynamometry in patients with knee dysfunction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1996 Sep;24(3):154-9. doi: 10.2519/jospt.1996.24.3.154.
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- Brijwasi T, Borkar P. A comprehensive exercise program improves foot alignment in people with flexible flat foot: a randomised trial. J Physiother. 2023 Jan;69(1):42-46. doi: 10.1016/j.jphys.2022.11.011. Epub 2022 Dec 14.
- Taddei UT, Matias AB, Duarte M, Sacco ICN. Foot Core Training to Prevent Running-Related Injuries: A Survival Analysis of a Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Sports Med. 2020 Dec;48(14):3610-3619. doi: 10.1177/0363546520969205. Epub 2020 Nov 6.
- Edouard P, Steffen K, Peuriere M, Gardet P, Navarro L, Blanco D. Effect of an Unsupervised Exercises-Based Athletics Injury Prevention Programme on Injury Complaints Leading to Participation Restriction in Athletics: A Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Oct 28;18(21):11334. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182111334.
- Ramsbottom R, Brewer J, Williams C. A progressive shuttle run test to estimate maximal oxygen uptake. Br J Sports Med. 1988 Dec;22(4):141-4. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.22.4.141.
- Cuenca-Garcia M, Marin-Jimenez N, Perez-Bey A, Sanchez-Oliva D, Camiletti-Moiron D, Alvarez-Gallardo IC, Ortega FB, Castro-Pinero J. Reliability of Field-Based Fitness Tests in Adults: A Systematic Review. Sports Med. 2022 Aug;52(8):1961-1979. doi: 10.1007/s40279-021-01635-2. Epub 2022 Jan 22.
- Penry JT, Wilcox AR, Yun J. Validity and reliability analysis of Cooper's 12-minute run and the multistage shuttle run in healthy adults. J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Mar;25(3):597-605. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181cc2423.
- Bennett JE, Reinking MF, Rauh MJ. The relationship between isotonic plantar flexor endurance, navicular drop, and exercise-related leg pain in a cohort of collegiate cross-country runners. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2012 Jun;7(3):267-78.
- Bonato M, Benis R, La Torre A. Neuromuscular training reduces lower limb injuries in elite female basketball players. A cluster randomized controlled trial. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018 Apr;28(4):1451-1460. doi: 10.1111/sms.13034. Epub 2018 Jan 8.
- Keenan AM, Redmond AC, Horton M, Conaghan PG, Tennant A. The Foot Posture Index: Rasch analysis of a novel, foot-specific outcome measure. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007 Jan;88(1):88-93. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.10.005.
- McLaughlin P, Vaughan B, Shanahan J, Martin J, Linger G. Inexperienced examiners and the Foot Posture Index: A reliability study. Man Ther. 2016 Dec;26:238-240. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2016.06.009. Epub 2016 Jun 21.
- Corrigan P, Cortes DH, Pohlig RT, Gravare Silbernagel K. Tendon Morphology and Mechanical Properties Are Associated With the Recovery of Symptoms and Function in Patients With Achilles Tendinopathy. Orthop J Sports Med. 2020 Apr 30;8(4):2325967120917271. doi: 10.1177/2325967120917271. eCollection 2020 Apr.
- Bohannon RW, Steffl M, Glenney SS, Green M, Cashwell L, Prajerova K, Bunn J. The prone bridge test: Performance, validity, and reliability among older and younger adults. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2018 Apr;22(2):385-389. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.07.005. Epub 2017 Jul 25.
- Visser TSS, Neill SO, Hebert-Losier K, Eygendaal D, de Vos RJ. Normative values for calf muscle strength-endurance in the general population assessed with the Calf Raise Application: A large international cross-sectional study. Braz J Phys Ther. 2025 May-Jun;29(3):101188. doi: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101188. Epub 2025 Feb 27.
- Neil SE, Myring A, Peeters MJ, Pirie I, Jacobs R, Hunt MA, Garland SJ, Campbell KL. Reliability and validity of the Performance Recorder 1 for measuring isometric knee flexor and extensor strength. Physiother Theory Pract. 2013 Nov;29(8):639-47. doi: 10.3109/09593985.2013.779337. Epub 2013 May 31.
- Ferrauti A, Bergermann M, Fernandez-Fernandez J. Effects of a concurrent strength and endurance training on running performance and running economy in recreational marathon runners. J Strength Cond Res. 2010 Oct;24(10):2770-8. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d64e9c.
- Habets B, Smits HW, Backx FJG, van Cingel REH, Huisstede BMA. Hip muscle strength is decreased in middle-aged recreational male athletes with midportion Achilles tendinopathy: A cross-sectional study. Phys Ther Sport. 2017 May;25:55-61. doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2016.09.008. Epub 2016 Sep 13.
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- Kakouris N, Yener N, Fong DTP. A systematic review of running-related musculoskeletal injuries in runners. J Sport Health Sci. 2021 Sep;10(5):513-522. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.04.001. Epub 2021 Apr 20.
- Buist I, Bredeweg SW, van Mechelen W, Lemmink KA, Pepping GJ, Diercks RL. No effect of a graded training program on the number of running-related injuries in novice runners: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med. 2008 Jan;36(1):33-9. doi: 10.1177/0363546507307505. Epub 2007 Oct 16.
- Kemler E, Blokland D, Backx F, Huisstede B. Differences in injury risk and characteristics of injuries between novice and experienced runners over a 4-year period. Phys Sportsmed. 2018 Nov;46(4):485-491. doi: 10.1080/00913847.2018.1507410. Epub 2018 Aug 21.
- Wu H, Brooke-Wavell K, Fong DTP, Paquette MR, Blagrove RC. Do Exercise-Based Prevention Programs Reduce Injury in Endurance Runners? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med. 2024 May;54(5):1249-1267. doi: 10.1007/s40279-024-01993-7. Epub 2024 Jan 23.
Fechas de registro del estudio
Estas fechas rastrean el progreso del registro del estudio y los envíos de resultados resumidos a ClinicalTrials.gov. Los registros del estudio y los resultados informados son revisados por la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (NLM) para asegurarse de que cumplan con los estándares de control de calidad específicos antes de publicarlos en el sitio web público.
Fechas importantes del estudio
Inicio del estudio (Actual)
10 de septiembre de 2025
Finalización primaria (Actual)
10 de mayo de 2026
Finalización del estudio (Estimado)
10 de mayo de 2027
Fechas de registro del estudio
Enviado por primera vez
23 de julio de 2026
Primero enviado que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
31 de julio de 2026
Publicado por primera vez (Actual)
3 de agosto de 2026
Actualizaciones de registros de estudio
Última actualización publicada (Actual)
3 de agosto de 2026
Última actualización enviada que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
31 de julio de 2026
Última verificación
1 de julio de 2026
Más información
Términos relacionados con este estudio
Otros números de identificación del estudio
- 202506Y0873
Plan de datos de participantes individuales (IPD)
¿Planea compartir datos de participantes individuales (IPD)?
SÍ
Descripción del plan IPD
All data can be presented.
Marco de tiempo para compartir IPD
As soon as possible.
Criterios de acceso compartido de IPD
Researchers who need it for science.
Tipo de información de apoyo para compartir IPD
- PROTOCOLO DE ESTUDIO
- SAVIA
- CIF
- CÓDIGO_ANALÍTICO
- RSC
Información sobre medicamentos y dispositivos, documentos del estudio
Estudia un producto farmacéutico regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.
No
Estudia un producto de dispositivo regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.
No
Esta información se obtuvo directamente del sitio web clinicaltrials.gov sin cambios. Si tiene alguna solicitud para cambiar, eliminar o actualizar los detalles de su estudio, comuníquese con register@clinicaltrials.gov. Tan pronto como se implemente un cambio en clinicaltrials.gov, también se actualizará automáticamente en nuestro sitio web. .