Efficacy of Thread-Embedding Acupuncture Using the Longitudinal Oblique Technique From BL40 Toward BL57 on KOOS Scores and Joint Range of Motion in Knee Osteoarthritis
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of thread embedding acupuncture using a longitudinal oblique technique from BL40 toward BL57 in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The effects of the intervention will be evaluated using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and knee range of motion (ROM), compared with sham thread embedding acupuncture in a double-blind randomized controlled trial.
Descripción general del estudio
Estado
Condiciones
Intervención / Tratamiento
Descripción detallada
Knee osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative joint disease associated with knee pain, stiffness, functional limitation, and reduced quality of life. Although pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments are available, some patients may experience limitations related to treatment duration, adverse effects, or the need for repeated treatment.
Thread embedding acupuncture is an acupuncture modality in which an absorbable thread, such as polydioxanone (PDO), is inserted into selected acupuncture points to provide prolonged mechanical and biological stimulation. Previous studies have investigated thread embedding acupuncture for knee osteoarthritis using various local acupuncture points. However, the use of a longitudinal oblique technique from BL40 toward BL57 has been limited in previous clinical studies.
This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy of thread embedding acupuncture using a longitudinal oblique technique from BL40 toward BL57 in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The intervention is based on a proposed neurophysiological, neuromuscular, neurovascular, and myofascial rationale involving the posterior aspect of the lower extremity.
This study is a double-blind, randomized controlled trial with a parallel-group design. A total of 44 participants will be recruited and randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio into two groups using permuted block randomization with a block size of four. The intervention group will receive thread embedding acupuncture, while the control group will receive sham thread embedding acupuncture.
Participants will be men and women aged 51 to 70 years with bilateral knee osteoarthritis diagnosed clinically and radiologically according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria and with Kellgren-Lawrence grade II or III osteoarthritis. Participants must have a Numeric Rating Scale pain score greater than 3 during activity and must be able to complete the KOOS questionnaire.
In the intervention group, polydioxanone (PDO) thread, 26G × 60 mm, will be inserted bilaterally at BL40 using a longitudinal oblique technique directed toward BL57 at an insertion angle of approximately 15 degrees to the skin surface. The procedure will be performed by a physician trainee in medical acupuncture with a minimum competency level of three. Anatomical landmarks in the popliteal region will be identified before insertion, and body mass index and individual anatomical characteristics will be considered as safety factors.
In the control group, a 0.25 × 25 mm acupuncture needle will be inserted bilaterally at BL40 using a similar longitudinal oblique approach at approximately 15 degrees to the skin surface and then immediately withdrawn without thread implantation.
Participants will be evaluated at baseline and at weeks 2, 4, and 8 after the intervention. KOOS will be assessed at baseline and at weeks 2, 4, and 8. Knee ROM, including flexion and extension, will be measured using a goniometer at baseline and at weeks 2 and 8.
The primary clinical outcomes of interest are changes in KOOS and knee ROM following the intervention. Safety will also be monitored, including local pain, bleeding, hematoma, swelling, infection, allergic or inflammatory reactions, and potential neurovascular complications associated with the procedure.
Participants in the control group will be offered actual thread embedding acupuncture after completion of the study.
Tipo de estudio
Inscripción (Estimado)
Fase
- No aplica
Contactos y Ubicaciones
Estudio Contacto
- Nombre: Oki Rachma, MD
- Número de teléfono: 081311306681
- Correo electrónico: oki.rachma@ui.ac.id
Ubicaciones de estudio
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DKI Jakarta
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Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia, 10430
- Universitas Indonesia
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Criterios de participación
Criterio de elegibilidad
Edades elegibles para estudiar
Acepta Voluntarios Saludables
Géneros elegibles para el estudio
Descripción
Inclusion Criteria:
- Male and female patients aged 51 to 70 years.
- Clinically and radiologically diagnosed with bilateral knee osteoarthritis according to ACR (American College of Rheumatology) criteria.
- Kellgren-Lawrence grade II or III knee osteoarthritis.
- NRS (Numeric Rating Scale) score >3 during activity (activities of daily living or light exercise).
- Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥18.5 kg/m².
- Knee functional limitations assessable via the KOOS.
- Ability to understand and complete the KOOS questionnaire. MMSE score >23 (normal or no significant cognitive impairment).
- Willingness to complete the study and sign the informed consent form.
Exclusion Criteria:
- History of knee surgery such as total knee replacement, arthroscopy, or ligament reconstruction.
- Inflammatory joint disease or autoimmune conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis, spondyloarthritis, or lupus arthritis) assessed via clinical symptoms and/or radiological findings.
- Presence of a tumor, wound, or local infection at the injection site.
- History of peripheral vascular disease, DVT/thromboembolism, aneurysm or pseudoaneurysm, or coagulation/bleeding disorders.
- Presence of a blood disorder or use of blood thinners (combination antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy) with an INR ≤ 2.0; history of spontaneous bleeding, thrombocytopenia, or coagulation disorders.
- Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or severe systemic disease with a random blood glucose (RBG) level ≥200 mg/dL (measured via capillary blood using a glucometer).
Random blood glucose (RBG) level ≥200 mg/dL in non-diabetic patients (measured via capillary blood using a glucometer for all study participants).
- History of keloids.
- Routine use of steroids or NSAIDs, or use of topical analgesics prior to therapy and during the study period.
- Not currently receiving intra-articular knee injections (corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid) and has not received them in the last 3 months.
- Presence of a Baker's cyst in the popliteal fossa, identified during physical examination.
- Patients currently undergoing physiotherapy or who have undergone it within the last month.
- Prior receipt of thread-embedding acupuncture therapy in the knee area or at acupuncture points BL40-BL57 within the last 6 months, or other forms of acupuncture within the last 2 weeks.
- History of hypersensitivity or allergic reactions to polydioxanone (PDO) threads or procedure needle materials (e.g., stainless steel).
Plan de estudios
¿Cómo está diseñado el estudio?
Detalles de diseño
- Propósito principal: Tratamiento
- Asignación: Aleatorizado
- Modelo Intervencionista: Asignación factorial
- Enmascaramiento: Doble
Armas e Intervenciones
Grupo de participantes/brazo |
Intervención / Tratamiento |
|---|---|
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Experimental: Name of Intervention Group is "TEA Group" / Thread Embedding Acupuncture
Participants randomized to the experimental group will receive bilateral thread embedding acupuncture at BL40 using a longitudinal oblique technique toward BL57. A sterile 26G × 60 mm needle containing monofilament PDO thread will be inserted at approximately 15° toward the distal posterior lower leg. BL40 will be identified at the midpoint of the popliteal crease, with anatomical palpation before insertion. EMLA® cream will be applied under occlusion for 60 minutes. BMI, height, weight, and individual anatomy will be considered for safety. The needle will be withdrawn after PDO implantation, leaving the thread completely buried beneath the skin. No redirection or aggressive manipulation will be performed. The procedure will stop if abnormal neurological symptoms occur. Pressure, antiseptic care, and sterile dressing will follow, with post-procedure monitoring for adverse events. |
Participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to one of two parallel groups. The assigned procedures will be administered once, and outcomes will be evaluated over an 8-week follow-up period. |
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Comparador falso: Name of Control Group is "Sham TEA Group"
Participants randomized to the sham comparator group will receive sham acupuncture at bilateral BL40 in the prone position. BL40 will be identified at the midpoint of the popliteal crease, followed by aseptic and antiseptic preparation with 4% chlorhexidine gluconate. EMLA® cream will be applied under plastic wrap for 60 minutes. A sterile 0.25 × 25 mm manual acupuncture needle will be inserted bilaterally at BL40 using a longitudinal oblique technique toward the distal posterior lower leg in the direction of BL57 at approximately 15°. The needle will be rapidly withdrawn without PDO implantation. Pressure will be applied for 10 seconds or until bleeding stops, followed by antiseptic care and sterile plaster. Participants will be monitored for adverse events and undergo the same outcome assessments. After study completion, the sham group may receive actual thread embedding acupuncture. |
Participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to one of two parallel groups. The assigned procedures will be administered once, and outcomes will be evaluated over an 8-week follow-up period. |
¿Qué mide el estudio?
Medidas de resultado primarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
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Change in Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)
Periodo de tiempo: Before therapy, week 2, week 4, week 8
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The KOOS is a 42-item patient-reported outcome questionnaire consisting of five subscales: Pain (9 items), Symptoms (7 items), Activities of Daily Living (17 items), Sport and Recreation (5 items), and Knee-related Quality of Life (4 items). Each subscale is scored from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better knee-related health status. Change in KOOS from baseline, assessing knee pain, symptoms, activities of daily living, sport and recreational activities, and knee-related quality of life. KOOS will be assessed at baseline and at weeks 2, 4, and 8 after intervention. Changes in KOOS scores from baseline will be evaluated at each follow-up time point (week 2, week 4, and week 8). |
Before therapy, week 2, week 4, week 8
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Medidas de resultado secundarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
|---|---|---|
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Change in ROM (Range of Motion)
Periodo de tiempo: Before therapy, week 2, week 8
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Knee ROM will be assessed using a goniometer by measuring maximum knee flexion and extension in degrees. Measurements will be performed three times by the assessor, and the mean value will be recorded. Change in maximum knee flexion and extension ROM measured using a goniometer in degrees. Measurements are performed three times by the assessor, and the mean value is recorded. |
Before therapy, week 2, week 8
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Colaboradores e Investigadores
Patrocinador
Investigadores
- Investigador principal: KPEK FKUI-RSCM, Health Research Ethics Commitee - Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia and Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital
Fechas de registro del estudio
Fechas importantes del estudio
Inicio del estudio (Estimado)
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Finalización del estudio (Estimado)
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Enviado por primera vez
Primero enviado que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
Publicado por primera vez (Actual)
Actualizaciones de registros de estudio
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Última actualización enviada que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
Última verificación
Más información
Términos relacionados con este estudio
Términos MeSH relevantes adicionales
Otros números de identificación del estudio
- 26-07-1149
Plan de datos de participantes individuales (IPD)
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Información sobre medicamentos y dispositivos, documentos del estudio
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