Expert-Validated ChatGPT Support for Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation (ABG-AI RCT)
Expert-Validated Generative AI Support for Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation in Early-Career Non-Specialist Physicians: A Randomized Controlled Study
This randomized controlled study evaluated whether expert-validated ChatGPT support improved arterial blood gas (ABG) interpretation performance among early-career non-specialist physicians. Participants completed a baseline assessment consisting of 11 standardized clinical scenarios covering five domains of ABG interpretation. Eligible participants who entered the reassessment phase were randomly assigned to either an AI-supported group or a control group.
One week after baseline assessment, participants completed a posttest using the same clinical scenarios. The AI-supported group received expert-validated ChatGPT responses before answering each case, whereas the control group completed the assessment without AI support.
The primary outcome was posttest total ABG interpretation accuracy across 55 scored items, compared between groups after adjustment for baseline accuracy. Secondary outcomes included changes in total accuracy, domain-specific accuracy, case-level performance, and item-level accuracy.
Descripción general del estudio
Estado
Condiciones
Intervención / Tratamiento
Tipo de estudio
Inscripción (Actual)
Fase
- No aplica
Contactos y Ubicaciones
Ubicaciones de estudio
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Gaziantep
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Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turquía (Türkiye)
- Gaziantep City Hospital
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Criterios de participación
Criterio de elegibilidad
Edades elegibles para estudiar
- Niño
- Adulto
- Adulto Mayor
Acepta Voluntarios Saludables
Géneros elegibles para el estudio
Descripción
Inclusion Criteria:
- Fewer than five years of postgraduate clinical experience
- Actively involved in patient care
- Had not completed specialty training
Exclusion Criteria:
- Residents
- Specialists
- Physicians not actively assessing patients
- Incomplete, duplicate, or unmatchable pretest-posttest records
Plan de estudios
¿Cómo está diseñado el estudio?
Detalles de diseño
- Propósito principal: Otro
- Asignación: Aleatorizado
- Modelo Intervencionista: Asignación paralela
- Enmascaramiento: Ninguno (etiqueta abierta)
Armas e Intervenciones
Grupo de participantes/brazo |
Intervención / Tratamiento |
|---|---|
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Sin intervención: Control group
Participants completed the 11 ABG cases without receiving any AI response, explanation, or recommendation |
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Experimental: AI-Supported Group
Before each of the 11 ABG cases, participants viewed the expert-validated ChatGPT response before providing their own answers. |
Before each of the 11 arterial blood gas (ABG) cases, participants viewed a standardized ChatGPT response that had been independently validated against the expert reference key by three physician experts. The response addressed five scored domains and included a brief rationale. Participants then provided their own answers to each case. |
¿Qué mide el estudio?
Medidas de resultado primarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
|---|---|---|
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Posttest Total ABG Interpretation Accuracy
Periodo de tiempo: One week after baseline assessment
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Total accuracy across 55 scored items, comprising five scored domains for each of 11 ABG cases. Each item was scored as correct (1) or incorrect (0), and total accuracy was calculated as the number of correct responses divided by 55 × 100. The primary analysis compared posttest total accuracy between the AI-supported and control groups, adjusted for baseline total accuracy. |
One week after baseline assessment
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Medidas de resultado secundarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
|---|---|---|
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Change in Total ABG Interpretation Accuracy From Pretest to Posttest
Periodo de tiempo: From baseline to one week after baseline assessment
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Change in total ABG interpretation accuracy from baseline (pretest) to the one-week posttest was assessed within each study group. Total accuracy was calculated across 55 scored items as the number of correct responses divided by 55 × 100. |
From baseline to one week after baseline assessment
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Between-Group Difference in Change in Total ABG Interpretation Accuracy
Periodo de tiempo: From baseline to one week after baseline assessment
|
The change in total ABG interpretation accuracy from baseline to posttest was compared between the AI-supported and control groups. Change scores were calculated as posttest accuracy minus baseline accuracy. |
From baseline to one week after baseline assessment
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Change From Baseline in Primary Acid-Base Disorder Identification Accuracy on an 11-Item Assessment
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
|
Accuracy in identifying the primary acid-base disorder was calculated as the number of correct responses across 11 arterial blood gas cases divided by 11 and multiplied by 100. Each response was scored as correct (1) or incorrect (0). The outcome was the change in accuracy from baseline to posttest, calculated as posttest accuracy minus baseline accuracy and expressed in percentage points. Possible change scores ranged from -100 to +100 percentage points, with positive values indicating improved accuracy. |
Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
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Number of Participants by Change Category in Acute Asthma Exacerbation Case Interpretation Score
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
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For the acute asthma exacerbation case, each participant received one point for each correct response across five predefined assessment domains, yielding a case-specific score ranging from 0 to 5. The posttest score was compared with the baseline score for the same case. Participants were classified into three mutually exclusive categories: improvement (posttest score greater than baseline score), no change (posttest score equal to baseline score), or deterioration (posttest score lower than baseline score). The number of participants in each category was recorded separately for the AI-supported and control groups. |
Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
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Item-Level ABG Interpretation Accuracy
Periodo de tiempo: One week after baseline assessment
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Item-level performance was evaluated across the 55 scored items, comprising five scored domains for each of the 11 ABG cases. The probability of a correct response for individual items was compared between the AI-supported and control groups. |
One week after baseline assessment
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Change From Baseline in Acid-Base Compensation Assessment Accuracy on an 11-Item Assessment
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
|
Accuracy in assessing acid-base compensation was calculated as the number of correct responses across 11 arterial blood gas cases divided by 11 and multiplied by 100. Each response was scored as correct (1) or incorrect (0). The outcome was the change in accuracy from baseline to posttest, calculated as posttest accuracy minus baseline accuracy and expressed in percentage points. Possible change scores ranged from -100 to +100 percentage points, with positive values indicating improved accuracy. |
Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
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Change From Baseline in Electrolyte and Anion Gap Assessment Accuracy on an 11-Item Assessment
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
|
Accuracy in assessing electrolyte and anion gap findings was calculated as the number of correct responses across 11 arterial blood gas cases divided by 11 and multiplied by 100. Each response was scored as correct (1) or incorrect (0). The outcome was the change in accuracy from baseline to posttest, calculated as posttest accuracy minus baseline accuracy and expressed in percentage points. Possible change scores ranged from -100 to +100 percentage points, with positive values indicating improved accuracy. |
Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
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Change From Baseline in Clinical Diagnosis Identification Accuracy on an 11-Item Assessment
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
|
Accuracy in identifying the most likely clinical diagnosis was calculated as the number of correct responses across 11 arterial blood gas cases divided by 11 and multiplied by 100. Each response was scored as correct (1) or incorrect (0). The outcome was the change in accuracy from baseline to posttest, calculated as posttest accuracy minus baseline accuracy and expressed in percentage points. Possible change scores ranged from -100 to +100 percentage points, with positive values indicating improved accuracy. |
Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
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Change From Baseline in Clinical Management Decision Accuracy on an 11-Item Assessment
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
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Accuracy in selecting appropriate clinical management was calculated as the number of correct responses across 11 arterial blood gas cases divided by 11 and multiplied by 100. Each response was scored as correct (1) or incorrect (0). The outcome was the change in accuracy from baseline to posttest, calculated as posttest accuracy minus baseline accuracy and expressed in percentage points. Possible change scores ranged from -100 to +100 percentage points, with positive values indicating improved accuracy. |
Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
|
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Number of Participants by Change Category in Acute COPD Exacerbation Case Interpretation Score
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
|
For the acute COPD exacerbation case, each participant received one point for each correct response across five predefined assessment domains, yielding a case-specific score ranging from 0 to 5. The posttest score was compared with the baseline score for the same case. Participants were classified into three mutually exclusive categories: improvement (posttest score greater than baseline score), no change (posttest score equal to baseline score), or deterioration (posttest score lower than baseline score). The number of participants in each category was recorded separately for the AI-supported and control groups. |
Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
|
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Number of Participants by Change Category in Methanol Intoxication Case Interpretation Score
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
|
For the methanol intoxication case, each participant received one point for each correct response across five predefined assessment domains, yielding a case-specific score ranging from 0 to 5. The posttest score was compared with the baseline score for the same case. Participants were classified into three mutually exclusive categories: improvement (posttest score greater than baseline score), no change (posttest score equal to baseline score), or deterioration (posttest score lower than baseline score). The number of participants in each category was recorded separately for the AI-supported and control groups. |
Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
|
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Number of Participants by Change Category in Diabetic Ketoacidosis Case Interpretation Score
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
|
For the diabetic ketoacidosis case, each participant received one point for each correct response across five predefined assessment domains, yielding a case-specific score ranging from 0 to 5. The posttest score was compared with the baseline score for the same case. Participants were classified into three mutually exclusive categories: improvement (posttest score greater than baseline score), no change (posttest score equal to baseline score), or deterioration (posttest score lower than baseline score). The number of participants in each category was recorded separately for the AI-supported and control groups. |
Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
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Number of Participants by Change Category in Carbon Monoxide Intoxication Case Interpretation Score
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
|
For the carbon monoxide intoxication case, each participant received one point for each correct response across five predefined assessment domains, yielding a case-specific score ranging from 0 to 5. The posttest score was compared with the baseline score for the same case. Participants were classified into three mutually exclusive categories: improvement (posttest score greater than baseline score), no change (posttest score equal to baseline score), or deterioration (posttest score lower than baseline score). The number of participants in each category was recorded separately for the AI-supported and control groups. |
Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
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Number of Participants by Change Category in Acute Kidney Injury on Chronic Kidney Disease With Hyperkalemia Case Interpretation Score
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
|
For the acute kidney injury on chronic kidney disease with hyperkalemia case, each participant received one point for each correct response across five predefined assessment domains, yielding a case-specific score ranging from 0 to 5. The posttest score was compared with the baseline score for the same case. Participants were classified into three mutually exclusive categories: improvement (posttest score greater than baseline score), no change (posttest score equal to baseline score), or deterioration (posttest score lower than baseline score). The number of participants in each category was recorded separately for the AI-supported and control groups. |
Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
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Number of Participants by Change Category in Pulmonary Embolism Case Interpretation Score
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
|
For the pulmonary embolism case, each participant received one point for each correct response across five predefined assessment domains, yielding a case-specific score ranging from 0 to 5. The posttest score was compared with the baseline score for the same case. Participants were classified into three mutually exclusive categories: improvement (posttest score greater than baseline score), no change (posttest score equal to baseline score), or deterioration (posttest score lower than baseline score). The number of participants in each category was recorded separately for the AI-supported and control groups. |
Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
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Number of Participants by Change Category in Panic Attack With Hyperventilation Case Interpretation Score
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
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For the panic attack with hyperventilation case, each participant received one point for each correct response across five predefined assessment domains, yielding a case-specific score ranging from 0 to 5. The posttest score was compared with the baseline score for the same case. Participants were classified into three mutually exclusive categories: improvement (posttest score greater than baseline score), no change (posttest score equal to baseline score), or deterioration (posttest score lower than baseline score). The number of participants in each category was recorded separately for the AI-supported and control groups. |
Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
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Number of Participants by Change Category in Diuretic-Associated Metabolic Alkalosis Case Interpretation Score
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
|
For the diuretic-associated metabolic alkalosis case, each participant received one point for each correct response across five predefined assessment domains, yielding a case-specific score ranging from 0 to 5. The posttest score was compared with the baseline score for the same case. Participants were classified into three mutually exclusive categories: improvement (posttest score greater than baseline score), no change (posttest score equal to baseline score), or deterioration (posttest score lower than baseline score). The number of participants in each category was recorded separately for the AI-supported and control groups. |
Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
|
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Number of Participants by Change Category in Hypoglycemia Case Interpretation Score
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
|
For the hypoglycemia case, each participant received one point for each correct response across five predefined assessment domains, yielding a case-specific score ranging from 0 to 5. The posttest score was compared with the baseline score for the same case. Participants were classified into three mutually exclusive categories: improvement (posttest score greater than baseline score), no change (posttest score equal to baseline score), or deterioration (posttest score lower than baseline score). The number of participants in each category was recorded separately for the AI-supported and control groups. |
Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
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Number of Participants by Change Category in Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding With Hypovolemic Shock Case Interpretation Score
Periodo de tiempo: Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
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For the upper gastrointestinal bleeding with hypovolemic shock case, each participant received one point for each correct response across five predefined assessment domains, yielding a case-specific score ranging from 0 to 5. The posttest score was compared with the baseline score for the same case. Participants were classified into three mutually exclusive categories: improvement (posttest score greater than baseline score), no change (posttest score equal to baseline score), or deterioration (posttest score lower than baseline score). The number of participants in each category was recorded separately for the AI-supported and control groups. |
Baseline and one week after baseline assessment
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Colaboradores e Investigadores
Patrocinador
Investigadores
- Investigador principal: Coşkun, MD, Gaziantep City Hospital
Fechas de registro del estudio
Fechas importantes del estudio
Inicio del estudio (Actual)
Finalización primaria (Actual)
Finalización del estudio (Actual)
Fechas de registro del estudio
Enviado por primera vez
Primero enviado que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
Publicado por primera vez (Actual)
Actualizaciones de registros de estudio
Última actualización publicada (Actual)
Última actualización enviada que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
Última verificación
Más información
Términos relacionados con este estudio
Palabras clave
Otros números de identificación del estudio
- 0449
Información sobre medicamentos y dispositivos, documentos del estudio
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