- ICH GCP
- Yhdysvaltain kliinisten tutkimusten rekisteri
- Kliininen tutkimus NCT07619794
tSCS and AR on Pain and Balance in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Combined Effects of Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation (tSCS) and Augmented Reality (AR) Training on Pain and Balance in Diabetic Neuropathy Patients.
Tutkimuksen yleiskatsaus
Tila
Ehdot
Interventio / Hoito
Yksityiskohtainen kuvaus
In Pakistan, 26.3% of the population is affected, and DN impacts about 40% of cases, with early signs reducing function. (9-11) Standard care includes glycemic control, medications like duloxetine and pregabalin, topical agents, and modalities such as TENS.
Alongside pain, lower-limb strength declines due to motor axonal degeneration and prolonged disuse, (1) limiting mobility and increasing the risk of falls. Balance impairments are frequent in DN and result from compromised proprioceptive input and impaired postural control mechanisms; (4) these deficits are exacerbated by pain-related inactivity and muscular weakness.
Augmented reality (AR) based rehabilitation delivers multisensory feedback, such as visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive inputs, during interactive, task-specific training. It enhances sensorimotor coordination, dynamic postural stability, and proprioceptive reweighting. AR training can improve balance responses, promote lower-limb engagement, and reinforce accurate proprioceptive input.
The tSCS enabled stepping in individuals with complete motor loss, confirming its impact on lower-limb functional recovery. Additionally, this stimulation frequency targets mechano-sensory pathways associated with vibration sense and is believed to support retention of sensorimotor gains through repeated activation of neuroplastic mechanisms at the spinal and cortical levels.
Opintotyyppi
Ilmoittautuminen (Arvioitu)
Vaihe
- Ei sovellettavissa
Yhteystiedot ja paikat
Opiskeluyhteys
- Nimi: Mirza Obaid Baig, MSPT
- Puhelinnumero: 00923332238706
- Sähköposti: obaid.baig@riphah.edu.pk
Tutki yhteystietojen varmuuskopiointi
- Nimi: Mahnoor Imtiaz, DPT
- Puhelinnumero: 0092 315 5214237
- Sähköposti: mahnoorimtiaz54@gmail.com
Opiskelupaikat
-
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Punjab Province
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Rawalpindi, Punjab Province, Pakistan
- Pakistan Railway Hospital
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Osallistumiskriteerit
Kelpoisuusvaatimukset
Opintokelpoiset iät
- Aikuinen
- Vanhempi Aikuinen
Hyväksyy terveitä vapaaehtoisia
Kuvaus
Inclusion Criteria:
- More than or equals to 4 score on Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questionnaire
- More than or equals to 6 Hz at Neurothesiometer
- More than or equals to 4 score on the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)
Exclusion Criteria:
- Cognitively compromised (MOCA ≤ 26/30)
- Metallic implants at skull
- Shunting
- Skin allergy
Opintosuunnitelma
Miten tutkimus on suunniteltu?
Suunnittelun yksityiskohdat
- Ensisijainen käyttötarkoitus: Hoito
- Jako: Satunnaistettu
- Inventiomalli: Rinnakkaistehtävä
- Naamiointi: Ei mitään (avoin tarra)
Aseet ja interventiot
Osallistujaryhmä / Arm |
Interventio / Hoito |
|---|---|
|
Kokeellinen: Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation and Augmented Reality Group
|
Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation will be administered non-invasively using surface electrodes placed over the D12-L1 spinal segment.
This segmental level has been shown to effectively engage lower-limb motor and sensory networks across multiple spinal segments.
Stimulation will be delivered using the Soterix 1×1 Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation (TES) unit.
Stimulation will be applied at a frequency range of 30 Hz. Pulse duration of 1 ms, and intensity will be set at 2 mA.
A ramp-up and ramp-down time of 30 seconds will be used to enhance participant comfort during the start and end of each stimulation session, following standardized electrode placement and safety protocols.
AR-based rehabilitation will consist of interactive balance and coordination tasks conducted in a virtual environment, with real-time visual feedback provided to guide movement accuracy and postural control.
The core training block will include five structured modules: interactive kicking exercises to promote ankle and knee coordination; color-target foot-reaching tasks to enhance proprioception and reaction time; virtual obstacle navigation to improve gait and stepping control; static and dynamic balance challenges, such as maintaining posture on virtual planks; and lower-limb strengthening activities, including squats and stepping-based games.
Each module will be performed for 5-8 minutes, with brief rest periods between tasks.
|
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Active Comparator: Augmented Reality Group
|
AR-based rehabilitation will consist of interactive balance and coordination tasks conducted in a virtual environment, with real-time visual feedback provided to guide movement accuracy and postural control.
The core training block will include five structured modules: interactive kicking exercises to promote ankle and knee coordination; color-target foot-reaching tasks to enhance proprioception and reaction time; virtual obstacle navigation to improve gait and stepping control; static and dynamic balance challenges, such as maintaining posture on virtual planks; and lower-limb strengthening activities, including squats and stepping-based games.
Each module will be performed for 5-8 minutes, with brief rest periods between tasks.
|
|
Active Comparator: Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation Group
|
Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation will be administered non-invasively using surface electrodes placed over the D12-L1 spinal segment.
This segmental level has been shown to effectively engage lower-limb motor and sensory networks across multiple spinal segments.
Stimulation will be delivered using the Soterix 1×1 Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation (TES) unit.
Stimulation will be applied at a frequency range of 30 Hz. Pulse duration of 1 ms, and intensity will be set at 2 mA.
A ramp-up and ramp-down time of 30 seconds will be used to enhance participant comfort during the start and end of each stimulation session, following standardized electrode placement and safety protocols.
|
Mitä tutkimuksessa mitataan?
Ensisijaiset tulostoimenpiteet
Tulosmittaus |
Toimenpiteen kuvaus |
Aikaikkuna |
|---|---|---|
|
Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)
Aikaikkuna: Up to week 5 (baseline/week 1/week 5)
|
The Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) is a quick, 11-point measure (0 = no pain to 10 = worst imaginable) commonly used across clinical and research settings.
Recent studies demonstrate test-retest reliability ranging from 0.58 to 0.93 (good to excellent), with moderate evidence for a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of 1.5-2.5 points.
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Up to week 5 (baseline/week 1/week 5)
|
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Time Up and Go (TUG)
Aikaikkuna: Up to week 5 (Baseline/week 1/week 5)
|
The TUG test is a simple, clinically validated tool used to assess dynamic balance and functional mobility.
It requires an individual to rise from a seated position, walk three meters, turn, return, and sit down.
The TUG demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability, with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) ranging from 0.89 to 0.94 across multiple trials.
|
Up to week 5 (Baseline/week 1/week 5)
|
Toissijaiset tulostoimenpiteet
Tulosmittaus |
Toimenpiteen kuvaus |
Aikaikkuna |
|---|---|---|
|
30 Second Chair Stand Test
Aikaikkuna: Up to week 5 (Baseline/week 1/week 5)
|
The 30-Second Chair Stand Test is a widely used, performance-based tool for assessing lower-limb strength and functional mobility.
Among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a population commonly affected by diabetic neuropathy, the test has demonstrated excellent reliability.
A test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.92, indicating excellent relative reliability.
In terms of measurement precision, the standard error of measurement (SEM) was 1.08 repetitions, and the smallest real difference (SRD) was 3 repetitions, reflecting the threshold for clinically meaningful change.
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Up to week 5 (Baseline/week 1/week 5)
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Neurothesiometer
Aikaikkuna: Up to week 5 (Baseline/Week 1/week 5)
|
The neurothesiometer is a non-invasive and reliable instrument used to assess vibration perception threshold (VPT).
It has demonstrated excellent reliability, with intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) exceeding 0.90, indicating strong measurement consistency.
A VPT cut-off value of ≥ 6 Hz is indicative of neuropathy.
Owing to its ease of use, objective quantification, and ability to detect subclinical neuropathy, the neurothesiometer is highly valuable in clinical practice.
Its superior standardization makes it a preferred method for evaluating protective sensation and vibration loss, particularly in individuals with diabetes.
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Up to week 5 (Baseline/Week 1/week 5)
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Yhteistyökumppanit ja tutkijat
Sponsori
Tutkijat
- Päätutkija: Mirza Obaid Baig, MSPT, Riphah International University
Julkaisuja ja hyödyllisiä linkkejä
Yleiset julkaisut
- Petersen EA, Stauss TG, Scowcroft JA, Brooks ES, White JL, Sills SM, Amirdelfan K, Guirguis MN, Xu J, Yu C, Nairizi A, Patterson DG, Tsoulfas KC, Creamer MJ, Galan V, Bundschu RH, Paul CA, Mehta ND, Choi H, Sayed D, Lad SP, DiBenedetto DJ, Sethi KA, Goree JH, Bennett MT, Harrison NJ, Israel AF, Chang P, Wu PW, Gekht G, Argoff CE, Nasr CE, Taylor RS, Subbaroyan J, Gliner BE, Caraway DL, Mekhail NA. Effect of High-frequency (10-kHz) Spinal Cord Stimulation in Patients With Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol. 2021 Jun 1;78(6):687-698. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.0538.
- Strand NH, Burkey AR. Neuromodulation in the Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: A Review of Evidence for Spinal Cord Stimulation. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2022 Mar;16(2):332-340. doi: 10.1177/19322968211060075. Epub 2021 Nov 29.
- Lamichhane P, Sukralia S, Alam B, Shaikh S, Farrukh S, Ali S, Ojha R. Augmented reality-based training versus standard training in improvement of balance, mobility and fall risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2023 Jun 20;85(8):4026-4032. doi: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000000986. eCollection 2023 Aug.
- Henson JV, Varhabhatla NC, Bebic Z, Kaye AD, Yong RJ, Urman RD, Merkow JS. Spinal Cord Stimulation for Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Systematic Review. Pain Ther. 2021 Dec;10(2):895-908. doi: 10.1007/s40122-021-00282-9. Epub 2021 Jul 10.
- Gylfadottir SS, Christensen DH, Nicolaisen SK, Andersen H, Callaghan BC, Itani M, Khan KS, Kristensen AG, Nielsen JS, Sindrup SH, Andersen NT, Jensen TS, Thomsen RW, Finnerup NB. Diabetic polyneuropathy and pain, prevalence, and patient characteristics: a cross-sectional questionnaire study of 5,514 patients with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Pain. 2020 Mar;161(3):574-583. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001744.
Opintojen ennätyspäivät
Opi tärkeimmät päivämäärät
Opiskelun aloitus (Arvioitu)
Ensisijainen valmistuminen (Arvioitu)
Opintojen valmistuminen (Arvioitu)
Opintoihin ilmoittautumispäivät
Ensimmäinen lähetetty
Ensimmäinen toimitettu, joka täytti QC-kriteerit
Ensimmäinen Lähetetty (Todellinen)
Tutkimustietojen päivitykset
Viimeisin päivitys julkaistu (Todellinen)
Viimeisin lähetetty päivitys, joka täytti QC-kriteerit
Viimeksi vahvistettu
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