Inspiratory Muscle Training Plus Cold Water Immersion After Muscle-Damaging Exercise
The Combined Effect of Cold Water Immersion and Inspiratory Muscle Training on the Recovery From Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage and Physical Performance: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study
The purpose of this study is to examine, using a placebo-controlled design, the additional effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) added to cold water immersion (CWI) on recovery and muscle performance following exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), and to determine whether this effect varies depending on the timing of the intervention. The study will include 12 healthy male athletes aged 18-22 who have been licensed for at least 4 years and are actively involved in sports. Each participant will undergo four different interventions in a randomized order determined by the Williams balanced sequence following muscle damage induced by eccentric exercise on an isokinetic dynamometer: CWI + placebo IMT immediately after exercise, IMT + CWI immediately after exercise, IMT + CWI 24 hours after exercise, and a control condition with no recovery intervention. The sessions will be conducted in weekly cycles with 7-day intervals, alternating between the dominant and non-dominant legs; thus, there will be a 14-day interval between two loading sessions for the same leg. All measurements will be taken during the week. Muscle strength will be assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer; markers of muscle damage (CK, myoglobin, LDH) will be measured via blood samples; and muscle pain will be evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) before each exercise session and 48 hours after exercise.
Tutkimuksen yleiskatsaus
Tila
Ehdot
Opintotyyppi
Ilmoittautuminen (Arvioitu)
Vaihe
- Ei sovellettavissa
Yhteystiedot ja paikat
Opiskelupaikat
-
-
Şehitkamil
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Gaziantep, Şehitkamil, Turkki (Türkiye)
- Gaziantep University, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Sports Performance and Testing Laboratory
-
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Osallistumiskriteerit
Kelpoisuusvaatimukset
Opintokelpoiset iät
Hyväksyy terveitä vapaaehtoisia
Sukupuolet, jotka voivat opiskella
Kuvaus
Inclusion Criteria:
- Be a male between the ages of 18 and 22
- Hold a sports license valid for at least 4 years
- Be actively involved in sports
- Not smoke or use similar substances
Exclusion Criteria:
- Having sustained a sports injury within the past 2 years
- Having engaged in exercise that could cause muscle damage within the past 15 days
- Cold intolerance, cold urticaria, or Raynaud's phenomenon
- Known cardiovascular, respiratory, or musculoskeletal disease
- Use of anti-inflammatory medication or dietary supplements that could affect recovery during the study period
Opintosuunnitelma
Miten tutkimus on suunniteltu?
Suunnittelun yksityiskohdat
- Ensisijainen käyttötarkoitus: Muut
- Jako: Satunnaistettu
- Inventiomalli: Crossover-tehtävä
- Naamiointi: Yksittäinen
Aseet ja interventiot
Osallistujaryhmä / Arm |
Interventio / Hoito |
|---|---|
|
Huijausvertailija: CWI + placebo IMT
Device: Placebo IMT - 2 × 30 breaths at 15% of MIP using POWERbreathe (1 min between sets), immediately following the short test after EIMD. Other: Immersion in cold water - immediately following the placebo IMT, in 10-12 °C water, up to waist level or with legs fully submerged, for 10-15 minutes. |
Immersion up to the waist in water at 13-15 °C for 13-15 minutes in a portable ice bath; water temperature is monitored with a thermometer and maintained by adding ice. Same device, position and volume as inspiratory muscle training (two sets of 30 breaths, 1 minute rest), but at 15% of maximal inspiratory pressure, a load considered below the training threshold. Followed immediately by cold water immersion. |
|
Kokeellinen: IMT + CWI (immediately)
Other: Inspiratory muscle training + cold water immersion. Immediately following the short test after EIMD, 2 × 30 breaths at 40% of MIP using POWERbreathe (1 min rest between sets), followed by CWI. |
Immersion up to the waist in water at 13-15 °C for 13-15 minutes in a portable ice bath; water temperature is monitored with a thermometer and maintained by adding ice. Two sets of 30 breaths at 40% of maximal inspiratory pressure with 1 minute rest between sets, using a POWERbreathe device; oxygen saturation is monitored by pulse oximetry. Followed immediately by cold water immersion. |
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Kokeellinen: IMT + CWI (at 24 hours)
Other: Inspiratory muscle training + cold water immersion. The same IMT and CWI protocol is administered 24 hours after EIMD; the 48-hour measurement is taken relative to EIMD (24 hours after the intervention). |
Immersion up to the waist in water at 13-15 °C for 13-15 minutes in a portable ice bath; water temperature is monitored with a thermometer and maintained by adding ice. Two sets of 30 breaths at 40% of maximal inspiratory pressure with 1 minute rest between sets, using a POWERbreathe device; oxygen saturation is monitored by pulse oximetry. Followed immediately by cold water immersion. |
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Ei väliintuloa: Control
No recovery procedure is performed after the EIMD protocol; only measurements are taken. |
Mitä tutkimuksessa mitataan?
Ensisijaiset tulostoimenpiteet
Tulosmittaus |
Toimenpiteen kuvaus |
Aikaikkuna |
|---|---|---|
|
Peak Power ( 60°/s)
Aikaikkuna: The 48-hour period before and after EIMD in each phase
|
Highest torque (Nm) measured during a 5-rep maximum test on an isokinetic dynamometer |
The 48-hour period before and after EIMD in each phase
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Peak Power ( 180°/s)
Aikaikkuna: The 48-hour period before and after EIMD in each phase
|
Highest torque (Nm) measured during a 10-rep maximum test on an isokinetic dynamometer |
The 48-hour period before and after EIMD in each phase
|
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Average Power ( 180°/s- 60°/s)
Aikaikkuna: The 48-hour period before and after EIMD in each phase
|
Average of peak torque values during test repetitions (Nm) |
The 48-hour period before and after EIMD in each phase
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|
Serum creatine kinase (CK)
Aikaikkuna: The 48-hour period before and after EIMD in each phase
|
CK level in venous blood (U/L) |
The 48-hour period before and after EIMD in each phase
|
|
Myoglobin (Mb)
Aikaikkuna: The 48-hour period before and after EIMD in each phase
|
Myoglobin level in venous blood (ng/mL) |
The 48-hour period before and after EIMD in each phase
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|
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
Aikaikkuna: The 48-hour period before and after EIMD in each phase
|
LDH level in venous blood (U/L) |
The 48-hour period before and after EIMD in each phase
|
Toissijaiset tulostoimenpiteet
Tulosmittaus |
Toimenpiteen kuvaus |
Aikaikkuna |
|---|---|---|
|
H/Q ratio
Aikaikkuna: The 48-hour period before and after EIMD in each phase
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Hamstring-to-quadriceps peak torque ratio (60°/s and 180°/s) |
The 48-hour period before and after EIMD in each phase
|
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VAS
Aikaikkuna: During each period: before EIMD, immediately after EIMD, and 48 hours after EIMD
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0-10 cm Visual Analog Scale (0 = no pain, 10 = very severe pain) |
During each period: before EIMD, immediately after EIMD, and 48 hours after EIMD
|
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Fatique Index
Aikaikkuna: The 48-hour period before and after EIMD in each phase
|
Fatigue index (%) calculated from a test consisting of 10 cycles at 180°/s |
The 48-hour period before and after EIMD in each phase
|
Yhteistyökumppanit ja tutkijat
Sponsori
Opintojen ennätyspäivät
Opi tärkeimmät päivämäärät
Opiskelun aloitus (Arvioitu)
Ensisijainen valmistuminen (Arvioitu)
Opintojen valmistuminen (Arvioitu)
Opintoihin ilmoittautumispäivät
Ensimmäinen lähetetty
Ensimmäinen toimitettu, joka täytti QC-kriteerit
Ensimmäinen Lähetetty (Todellinen)
Tutkimustietojen päivitykset
Viimeisin päivitys julkaistu (Todellinen)
Viimeisin lähetetty päivitys, joka täytti QC-kriteerit
Viimeksi vahvistettu
Lisää tietoa
Tähän tutkimukseen liittyvät termit
Muut tutkimustunnusnumerot
- 2026/9504
Yksittäisten osallistujien tietojen suunnitelma (IPD)
Aiotko jakaa yksittäisten osallistujien tietoja (IPD)?
IPD-suunnitelman kuvaus
"Individual participant data will not be shared for privacy reasons; aggregate results will be published."
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