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Additional Effect of Coherent Breathing With Aerobic Exercise on Cardiopulmonary Parameters and Quality of Life in Stage 1 Hypertensive Individuals

1 mai 2026 mis à jour par: Foundation University Islamabad

This study will use a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the added effects of coherent breathing combined with aerobic exercise versus aerobic exercise alone in 40 adults aged 30-65 with stage 1 hypertension. Participants will be randomly assigned to an intervention group (aerobic exercise plus coherent breathing) or a control group (aerobic exercise only) and will undergo a 4-week program with 5 sessions per week.

Cardiopulmonary parameters-including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and rate pressure product-will be measured, and quality of life will be assessed using the MINICHAL questionnaire at baseline, 2 weeks, and post-intervention. Data will be analyzed using SPSS version 21.0.

The study aims to determine whether coherent breathing provides additional benefits, offering a cost-effective, non-pharmacological strategy for hypertension management in low-resource settings.

Aperçu de l'étude

Statut

Recrutement

Les conditions

Intervention / Traitement

Description détaillée

Hypertension, also known as high or raised blood pressure, is a condition in which the blood vessels have persistently raised pressure. A normal reading is less than 120 millimeters of mercury over less than 80 millimeters of mercury. Hypertension is a prevalent condition affecting approximately 1.28 billion individuals globally, with a significant burden observed in low- and middle-income countries such as Pakistan. Stage 1 hypertension is defined by a systolic blood pressure (SBP) between 130-139 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between 80-89 mmHg. High blood pressure causes no signs or symptoms, which is why healthcare providers call it a "silent killer." Non-pharmacological interventions, including aerobic exercise and breathing techniques, have shown promise in improving cardiopulmonary function and quality of life.

Coherent breathing is a controlled breathing technique that involves inhaling and exhaling at a steady, slow pace-typically around five to six breaths per minute, with each inhale and exhale lasting about six seconds. This study aims to evaluate the additional effects of coherent breathing techniques when combined with aerobic exercise, compared to aerobic exercise alone. A randomized controlled trial design will be employed. The study will be conducted over a period of 1 year at Foundation University College of Physical Therapy and Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi. Ethical approval will be obtained from ERC FUMC and IRC, and the trial will be registered with CBRC and the clinical trial registry. Data will be analyzed using SPSS version 21.0.

This study will fill a critical gap in the literature by assessing the additive benefits of coherent breathing in hypertension management. The findings may support cost-effective, non-pharmacological strategies in low-resource settings, contributing to improved public health outcomes

Type d'étude

Interventionnel

Inscription (Estimé)

40

Phase

  • N'est pas applicable

Contacts et emplacements

Cette section fournit les coordonnées de ceux qui mènent l'étude et des informations sur le lieu où cette étude est menée.

Coordonnées de l'étude

Sauvegarde des contacts de l'étude

Lieux d'étude

  • Pakistan
      • Islamabad, Pakistan
        • Recrutement
        • Foundation University Islamabad
        • Contact:

Critères de participation

Les chercheurs recherchent des personnes qui correspondent à une certaine description, appelée critères d'éligibilité. Certains exemples de ces critères sont l'état de santé général d'une personne ou des traitements antérieurs.

Critère d'éligibilité

Âges éligibles pour étudier

  • Adulte
  • Adulte plus âgé

Accepte les volontaires sains

Non

La description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Both male and female genders.
  • Adults aged 30-65 years.
  • Patients diagnosed with stage 1 hypertension 130-139/80-89mm Hg according to ACC/AHA 2017 guidelines.
  • Mild to moderate physical activity level on IPAQ questionnaire.
  • Individuals able to understand and follow the instructions.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Diagnosed uncontrolled hypertensive patients.
  • Unstable angina, MI, heart failure, advanced CAD patients, COPD, Asthma.
  • Severe neurological, musculoskeletal or gynecological conditions which limit participation in the study.
  • Recent history of fracture.

Plan d'étude

Cette section fournit des détails sur le plan d'étude, y compris la façon dont l'étude est conçue et ce que l'étude mesure.

Comment l'étude est-elle conçue ?

Détails de conception

  • Objectif principal: Traitement
  • Répartition: Randomisé
  • Modèle interventionnel: Affectation parallèle
  • Masquage: Aucun (étiquette ouverte)

Armes et Interventions

Groupe de participants / Bras
Intervention / Traitement
Comparateur actif: Aerobic Exercises

This Group performs aerobic exercises as follows:

Week 1-2 Warm up exercises for 5 minutes. Brisk walking on treadmill-for 15 minutes was included warm up period for 5 minutes then 9 minutes brisk walk and cool down period included 1 minute walk.

Stepper for 2 minutes. Static cycling for 3 minutes. Cool down for 5 minutes. Perform simple breathing for 10 minutes. FREQUENCY: 5 days / week INTENSITY: 50 - 60% THR TIME: 40 minutes TYPE: Aerobic exercises & simple breathing Week 3-4 Warm up exercises for 5 minutes. Brisk walking on treadmill-for 15 minutes was included warm up period for 5 minutes then 9 minutes brisk walk and cool down period included 1 minute walk.

Stepper for 2 minutes. Static cycling for 3 minutes. Cool down for 5 minutes. Perform simple breathing exercies for 10 minutes. FREQUENCY: 5 days / week INTENSITY: 60 - 80% THR TIME: 40 minutes TYPE: Aerobic exercises & simple breathing. A total of 20 sessions Five days per week for 4 weeks.
Autre: Aerobic Exercises
Aerobic Exercises involving brisk walking, warm up, stepper, static cycling, cool down for a periof of 30 min.
Expérimental: Aerobic Exercises with coherent breathing

This group performs aerobic exercises combined with coherent breathing technique.

Week 1-2 Warm up exercises for 5 minutes. Brisk walking on treadmill-for 15 minutes was included warm up period for 5 minutes then 9 minutes brisk walk and cool down period included 1 minute walk.

Stepper for 2 minutes. Static cycling for 3 minutes. Cool down for 5 minutes. Perform coherent breathing technique for 10 min. FREQUENCY: 5 days / week INTENSITY: 50 - 60% THR TIME: 30 minutes TYPE: Aerobic exercises. Coherent Breathing technique for 10 minutes. TOTAL DURATION: 40 minutes Week 3-4 Warm up exercises for 5 minutes. Brisk walking on treadmill-for 15 minutes was included warm up period for 5 minutes then 9 minutes brisk walk and cool down period included 1 minute walk.

Stepper for 2 minutes. Static cycling for 3 minutes. Cool down for 5 minutes. Perform coherent breathing technique for 10 min. FREQUENCY: 5 days / week INTENSITY: 60 - 80% THR TIME: 30 minutes TYPE: Aerobic exercises
Autre: Coherent Breathing.

Coherent breathing technique involve consciously reducing the breathing rate, typically to fewer than 10 breaths per minute, often around 6 breaths per minute. Coherent breathing is performed for 10 minutes.

Aerobic Exercises involving brisk walking, warm up, stepper, static cycling, cool down for a period of 30 min.

Que mesure l'étude ?

Principaux critères de jugement

Mesure des résultats
Description de la mesure
Délai
Heart Rate (beats per minute)
Délai: 04 weeks
Measured using calibrated digital monitor after 5 minutes rest at baseline and post-intervention.
04 weeks
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)
Délai: 04 weeks
Measured using standardized sphygmomanometer at baseline and post-intervention.
04 weeks
Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)
Délai: 04 weeks
Measured using standardized sphygmomanometer at baseline and post-intervention.
04 weeks
Peripheral Oxygen Saturation (SpO₂, %)
Délai: 04 weeks
Measured using pulse oximeter under resting conditions at baseline and post-intervention.
04 weeks
Respiratory Rate (breaths/minute)
Délai: 04 weeks
Measured by direct observation at baseline and post-intervention.
04 weeks
Rate Pressure Product (HR × SBP)
Délai: 04 weeks
Calculated from heart rate and systolic blood pressure at baseline and post-intervention as an index of myocardial workload.
04 weeks

Collaborateurs et enquêteurs

C'est ici que vous trouverez les personnes et les organisations impliquées dans cette étude.

Parrainer

Foundation University Islamabad

Dates d'enregistrement des études

Ces dates suivent la progression des dossiers d'étude et des soumissions de résultats sommaires à ClinicalTrials.gov. Les dossiers d'étude et les résultats rapportés sont examinés par la Bibliothèque nationale de médecine (NLM) pour s'assurer qu'ils répondent à des normes de contrôle de qualité spécifiques avant d'être publiés sur le site Web public.

Dates principales de l'étude

Début de l'étude (Réel)

28 février 2026

Achèvement primaire (Estimé)

15 mai 2026

Achèvement de l'étude (Estimé)

15 mai 2026

Dates d'inscription aux études

Première soumission

21 avril 2026

Première soumission répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité

1 mai 2026

Première publication (Réel)

7 mai 2026

Mises à jour des dossiers d'étude

Dernière mise à jour publiée (Réel)

7 mai 2026

Dernière mise à jour soumise répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité

1 mai 2026

Dernière vérification

1 avril 2026

Plus d'information

Termes liés à cette étude

Mots clés

Termes MeSH pertinents supplémentaires

Autres numéros d'identification d'étude

  • FUCP/CTR/2026/06

Informations sur les médicaments et les dispositifs, documents d'étude

Étudie un produit pharmaceutique réglementé par la FDA américaine

Non

Étudie un produit d'appareil réglementé par la FDA américaine

Non

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