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Additional Effect of Coherent Breathing With Aerobic Exercise on Cardiopulmonary Parameters and Quality of Life in Stage 1 Hypertensive Individuals

1. mai 2026 oppdatert av: Foundation University Islamabad

This study will use a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the added effects of coherent breathing combined with aerobic exercise versus aerobic exercise alone in 40 adults aged 30-65 with stage 1 hypertension. Participants will be randomly assigned to an intervention group (aerobic exercise plus coherent breathing) or a control group (aerobic exercise only) and will undergo a 4-week program with 5 sessions per week.

Cardiopulmonary parameters-including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and rate pressure product-will be measured, and quality of life will be assessed using the MINICHAL questionnaire at baseline, 2 weeks, and post-intervention. Data will be analyzed using SPSS version 21.0.

The study aims to determine whether coherent breathing provides additional benefits, offering a cost-effective, non-pharmacological strategy for hypertension management in low-resource settings.

Studieoversikt

Status

Rekruttering

Forhold

Intervensjon / Behandling

Detaljert beskrivelse

Hypertension, also known as high or raised blood pressure, is a condition in which the blood vessels have persistently raised pressure. A normal reading is less than 120 millimeters of mercury over less than 80 millimeters of mercury. Hypertension is a prevalent condition affecting approximately 1.28 billion individuals globally, with a significant burden observed in low- and middle-income countries such as Pakistan. Stage 1 hypertension is defined by a systolic blood pressure (SBP) between 130-139 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between 80-89 mmHg. High blood pressure causes no signs or symptoms, which is why healthcare providers call it a "silent killer." Non-pharmacological interventions, including aerobic exercise and breathing techniques, have shown promise in improving cardiopulmonary function and quality of life.

Coherent breathing is a controlled breathing technique that involves inhaling and exhaling at a steady, slow pace-typically around five to six breaths per minute, with each inhale and exhale lasting about six seconds. This study aims to evaluate the additional effects of coherent breathing techniques when combined with aerobic exercise, compared to aerobic exercise alone. A randomized controlled trial design will be employed. The study will be conducted over a period of 1 year at Foundation University College of Physical Therapy and Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi. Ethical approval will be obtained from ERC FUMC and IRC, and the trial will be registered with CBRC and the clinical trial registry. Data will be analyzed using SPSS version 21.0.

This study will fill a critical gap in the literature by assessing the additive benefits of coherent breathing in hypertension management. The findings may support cost-effective, non-pharmacological strategies in low-resource settings, contributing to improved public health outcomes

Studietype

Intervensjonell

Registrering (Antatt)

40

Fase

  • Ikke aktuelt

Kontakter og plasseringer

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Studiekontakt

Studer Kontakt Backup

Studiesteder

  • Pakistan
      • Islamabad, Pakistan
        • Rekruttering
        • Foundation University Islamabad
        • Ta kontakt med:

Deltakelseskriterier

Forskere ser etter personer som passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kalt kvalifikasjonskriterier. Noen eksempler på disse kriteriene er en persons generelle helsetilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Kvalifikasjonskriterier

Alder som er kvalifisert for studier

  • Voksen
  • Eldre voksen

Tar imot friske frivillige

Nei

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Both male and female genders.
  • Adults aged 30-65 years.
  • Patients diagnosed with stage 1 hypertension 130-139/80-89mm Hg according to ACC/AHA 2017 guidelines.
  • Mild to moderate physical activity level on IPAQ questionnaire.
  • Individuals able to understand and follow the instructions.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Diagnosed uncontrolled hypertensive patients.
  • Unstable angina, MI, heart failure, advanced CAD patients, COPD, Asthma.
  • Severe neurological, musculoskeletal or gynecological conditions which limit participation in the study.
  • Recent history of fracture.

Studieplan

Denne delen gir detaljer om studieplanen, inkludert hvordan studien er utformet og hva studien måler.

Hvordan er studiet utformet?

Designdetaljer

  • Primært formål: Behandling
  • Tildeling: Randomisert
  • Intervensjonsmodell: Parallell tildeling
  • Masking: Ingen (Open Label)

Våpen og intervensjoner

Deltakergruppe / Arm
Intervensjon / Behandling
Aktiv komparator: Aerobic Exercises

This Group performs aerobic exercises as follows:

Week 1-2 Warm up exercises for 5 minutes. Brisk walking on treadmill-for 15 minutes was included warm up period for 5 minutes then 9 minutes brisk walk and cool down period included 1 minute walk.

Stepper for 2 minutes. Static cycling for 3 minutes. Cool down for 5 minutes. Perform simple breathing for 10 minutes. FREQUENCY: 5 days / week INTENSITY: 50 - 60% THR TIME: 40 minutes TYPE: Aerobic exercises & simple breathing Week 3-4 Warm up exercises for 5 minutes. Brisk walking on treadmill-for 15 minutes was included warm up period for 5 minutes then 9 minutes brisk walk and cool down period included 1 minute walk.

Stepper for 2 minutes. Static cycling for 3 minutes. Cool down for 5 minutes. Perform simple breathing exercies for 10 minutes. FREQUENCY: 5 days / week INTENSITY: 60 - 80% THR TIME: 40 minutes TYPE: Aerobic exercises & simple breathing. A total of 20 sessions Five days per week for 4 weeks.
Annen: Aerobic Exercises
Aerobic Exercises involving brisk walking, warm up, stepper, static cycling, cool down for a periof of 30 min.
Eksperimentell: Aerobic Exercises with coherent breathing

This group performs aerobic exercises combined with coherent breathing technique.

Week 1-2 Warm up exercises for 5 minutes. Brisk walking on treadmill-for 15 minutes was included warm up period for 5 minutes then 9 minutes brisk walk and cool down period included 1 minute walk.

Stepper for 2 minutes. Static cycling for 3 minutes. Cool down for 5 minutes. Perform coherent breathing technique for 10 min. FREQUENCY: 5 days / week INTENSITY: 50 - 60% THR TIME: 30 minutes TYPE: Aerobic exercises. Coherent Breathing technique for 10 minutes. TOTAL DURATION: 40 minutes Week 3-4 Warm up exercises for 5 minutes. Brisk walking on treadmill-for 15 minutes was included warm up period for 5 minutes then 9 minutes brisk walk and cool down period included 1 minute walk.

Stepper for 2 minutes. Static cycling for 3 minutes. Cool down for 5 minutes. Perform coherent breathing technique for 10 min. FREQUENCY: 5 days / week INTENSITY: 60 - 80% THR TIME: 30 minutes TYPE: Aerobic exercises
Annen: Coherent Breathing.

Coherent breathing technique involve consciously reducing the breathing rate, typically to fewer than 10 breaths per minute, often around 6 breaths per minute. Coherent breathing is performed for 10 minutes.

Aerobic Exercises involving brisk walking, warm up, stepper, static cycling, cool down for a period of 30 min.

Hva måler studien?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Tiltaksbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Heart Rate (beats per minute)
Tidsramme: 04 weeks
Measured using calibrated digital monitor after 5 minutes rest at baseline and post-intervention.
04 weeks
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)
Tidsramme: 04 weeks
Measured using standardized sphygmomanometer at baseline and post-intervention.
04 weeks
Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)
Tidsramme: 04 weeks
Measured using standardized sphygmomanometer at baseline and post-intervention.
04 weeks
Peripheral Oxygen Saturation (SpO₂, %)
Tidsramme: 04 weeks
Measured using pulse oximeter under resting conditions at baseline and post-intervention.
04 weeks
Respiratory Rate (breaths/minute)
Tidsramme: 04 weeks
Measured by direct observation at baseline and post-intervention.
04 weeks
Rate Pressure Product (HR × SBP)
Tidsramme: 04 weeks
Calculated from heart rate and systolic blood pressure at baseline and post-intervention as an index of myocardial workload.
04 weeks

Samarbeidspartnere og etterforskere

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Sponsor

Foundation University Islamabad

Studierekorddatoer

Disse datoene sporer fremdriften for innsending av studieposter og sammendragsresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter og rapporterte resultater gjennomgås av National Library of Medicine (NLM) for å sikre at de oppfyller spesifikke kvalitetskontrollstandarder før de legges ut på det offentlige nettstedet.

Studer hoveddatoer

Studiestart (Faktiske)

28. februar 2026

Primær fullføring (Antatt)

15. mai 2026

Studiet fullført (Antatt)

15. mai 2026

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først innsendt

21. april 2026

Først innsendt som oppfylte QC-kriteriene

1. mai 2026

Først lagt ut (Faktiske)

7. mai 2026

Oppdateringer av studieposter

Sist oppdatering lagt ut (Faktiske)

7. mai 2026

Siste oppdatering sendt inn som oppfylte QC-kriteriene

1. mai 2026

Sist bekreftet

1. april 2026

Mer informasjon

Begreper knyttet til denne studien

Nøkkelord

Ytterligere relevante MeSH-vilkår

Andre studie-ID-numre

  • FUCP/CTR/2026/06

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