Ralation Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Mean Corrected Intraocular Pressure

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age 18-70 years;
2. Ability to complete standardized cardiorespiratory fitness testing and provide valid data; and
3. Ability to cooperate with a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Any history of glaucoma or ocular hypertension, or detection of glaucoma suspect signs such as cup-to-disc ratio ≥0.7, interocular cup-to-disc ratio asymmetry >0.2, or localized retinal nerve fiber layer defects;
2. Ocular diseases or surgical history affecting IOP measurement or optic nerve head assessment, such as corneal disease, uveitis, intraocular surgery, high myopia (spherical equivalent ≤ -6.00 D), or other optic nerve/retinal diseases;
3. Systemic diseases that could significantly interfere with IOP, optic nerve blood supply, or cardiorespiratory function, such as uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, severe cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;
4. Current use of topical or systemic medications known to affect IOP, including IOP-lowering eyedrops, systemic beta-blockers, or glucocorticoids;
5. Contraindications to cardiorespiratory fitness testing, such as severe musculoskeletal disorders or uncontrolled arrhythmias;
6. A documented history of hypertension, current use of antihypertensive medications, or abnormal blood pressure on a single measurement that did not normalize on re-examination (systolic blood pressure [SBP] ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure [DBP] ≥90 mmHg); and
7. Missing key study variables that precluded further analysis.