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Survival, Success, Stability, and Patient Comfort of TADs Placed by Steady Oblique-Angled Versus Two-Step Angulation Insertion Techniques

14 juillet 2026 mis à jour par: University of Malaya

Survival, Success, Stability, and Patient Comfort of Temporary Anchorage Devices Placed by Steady Oblique-Angled Versus Two-Step Angulation Insertion Techniques: A Split-Mouth Randomised Clinical Trial

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if two-step angulation Temporary Anchorage Devices (TADs) insertion technique better for survival, stability and patient-reported outcomes. It will also learn about how the trabecular bone volume fraction measured from pre-treatment CBCT imaging influences the stability, survival, and overall clinical success of TADs. The clinical trial will be carried out among fit and healthy adults aged 18 years old above who require extraction of all four permanent first premolars, planned for maximum anchorage using bilateral maxillary and mandibular TADs.

The main questions it aims to answer are:

In orthodontic patients,

  • does the two-step angulation insertion technique for TADs provide superior survival, stability, and patient-reported outcomes, with acceptable complication rates?
  • how are these outcomes influenced by maxillary and mandibular trabecular bone volume fraction measured on CBCT?

Researchers will compare two-step angulation insertion technique to steady oblique-angled TADs insertion technique to see it provide more superior survival, stability, and patient-reported outcomes, with acceptable complication rates.

Participants will:

  • be taken CBCT radiography before TADs insertion
  • receive both TADs insertion technique either right or left on both maxilla and mandible between second premolars and first molars
  • fill up patient reported outcome questionnaire At immediate post-insertion (T0), post alignment (T1), and subsequently at monthly intervals during en-masse retraction: 1 month (T2), 2 months (T3), 3 months (T4), 4 months (T5), 5 months (T6), 6 months (T7)
  • visit the clinic for measurement of TADs stability, clinical assessment of inflammation, mobility and the need for replacement at immediate post-insertion (T0), post alignment (T1), and subsequently at monthly intervals during en-masse retraction: 1 month (T2), 2 months (T3), 3 months (T4), 4 months (T5), 5 months (T6), 6 months (T7)

Aperçu de l'étude

Statut

Pas encore de recrutement

Les conditions

Intervention / Traitement

Type d'étude

Interventionnel

Inscription (Estimé)

28

Phase

  • N'est pas applicable

Contacts et emplacements

Cette section fournit les coordonnées de ceux qui mènent l'étude et des informations sur le lieu où cette étude est menée.

Coordonnées de l'étude

Lieux d'étude

  • Malaisie
    • Kuala Lumpur
      • Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaisie, 50603
        • Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya
        • Contact:
        • Chercheur principal:
          • Saritha Sivarajan
        • Sous-enquêteur:
          • Siti Adibah Othman
        • Sous-enquêteur:
          • Maziahtul Zawani Munshi
        • Chercheur principal:
          • Wan Ying Lee

Critères de participation

Les chercheurs recherchent des personnes qui correspondent à une certaine description, appelée critères d'éligibilité. Certains exemples de ces critères sont l'état de santé général d'une personne ou des traitements antérieurs.

Critère d'éligibilité

Âges éligibles pour étudier

  • Adulte
  • Adulte plus âgé

Accepte les volontaires sains

Non

La description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age range: 18 years old and above
  • Bimaxillary proclination with maximum anchorage control with TAD in maxilla and mandible
  • Extraction of all four permanent first premolar as part of orthodontic treatment
  • Crowding in the upper and lower incisors (< 5.0mm)
  • Overjet less than 6mm
  • BPE score 0, 1 or 2
  • Average vertical facial proportions

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Systemic diseases such as diabetes, osteoporosis
  • On long term use of antibiotics, phenytoin, cyclosporin, anti-inflammatory drugs, systemic corticosteroid and calcium channel blockers that would affect the bone biology
  • Cigarette smoking, vaping, history of smoking
  • Impacted / missing teeth at the treatment site
  • BPE score 3 and 4
  • Vertical skeletal discrepancies e.g. high angle and low angle.
  • Orthognathic treatment need
  • Craniofacial disorder, cleft lip and palate, syndromes
  • Low maxillary sinus level with alveolar crest height of less than 4mm
  • Titanium allergy
  • Pregnant woman

Plan d'étude

Cette section fournit des détails sur le plan d'étude, y compris la façon dont l'étude est conçue et ce que l'étude mesure.

Comment l'étude est-elle conçue ?

Détails de conception

  • Objectif principal: Traitement
  • Répartition: Randomisé
  • Modèle interventionnel: Affectation parallèle
  • Masquage: Seul

Armes et Interventions

Groupe de participants / Bras
Intervention / Traitement
Expérimental: Two-step Angulation with Partial Unwinding Technique
This is a split-mouth randomized clinical trial design where each participant serves as their own internal control. This arm represents the specific jaw quadrants randomized to receive Temporary Anchorage Device (TAD) insertion using a two-step angulation with a partial unwinding technique. The TAD is first placed parallel to the occlusal plane to create a cortical bone indentation (guided by a rubber depth stopper based on CBCT bone thickness), partially backed out (derotated) by half a turn, and subsequently reangulated to a final seating angle of 30-45 degree relative to the occlusal plane between the second premolar and first permanent molar.
Dispositif: Temporary Anchorage Device (TAD)
The TAD (1.6 mm diameter X 6 mm length; J2, Dual-Top Anchor System, Jeil Medical, Seoul, Korea) will be inserted directly against cortical bone surface at 30-45° to the occlusal plane, targeted anatomically between second premolar and first permanent molar. The device will be manually driven into the alveolar bone using a manual torque driver calibrated to a 10 Ncm torque value
Dispositif: Two-step Angulation with Partial Unwinding Technique
  • The TAD (1.6 mm diameter X 6 mm length; J2, Dual-Top Anchor System, Jeil Medical, Seoul, Korea) is initially placed against cortical bone surface parallel to the occlusal plane between second premolar and first permanent molar to create an initial osseous indentation.
  • A slitted rubber stopper will be used to mark the depth of the TAD tip penetration through the cortical bone, predetermined via CBCT assessment of local cortical bone thickness.
  • The TAD will undergo partial derotation (unwinding) by half the total number of initial insertion turns to slightly back the device away from the cortical bone.
  • The TADs will then be reangulated to an oblique path of 30-45° relative to the occlusal plane before completing final seating between second premolar and first permanent molar
Comparateur actif: Steady Oblique Angulation Technique
This is a split-mouth randomized clinical trial design where each participant serves as their own internal control. This arm represents the specific jaw quadrants randomized to receive Temporary Anchorage Device (TAD) insertion via a single-step, steady oblique angulation approach. The screw is inserted directly into the alveolar bone at a constant angle of 30 to 45 degree relative to the occlusal plane, targeted anatomically between the second premolar and first permanent molar.
Dispositif: Temporary Anchorage Device (TAD)
The TAD (1.6 mm diameter X 6 mm length; J2, Dual-Top Anchor System, Jeil Medical, Seoul, Korea) will be inserted directly against cortical bone surface at 30-45° to the occlusal plane, targeted anatomically between second premolar and first permanent molar. The device will be manually driven into the alveolar bone using a manual torque driver calibrated to a 10 Ncm torque value
Dispositif: Two-step Angulation with Partial Unwinding Technique
  • The TAD (1.6 mm diameter X 6 mm length; J2, Dual-Top Anchor System, Jeil Medical, Seoul, Korea) is initially placed against cortical bone surface parallel to the occlusal plane between second premolar and first permanent molar to create an initial osseous indentation.
  • A slitted rubber stopper will be used to mark the depth of the TAD tip penetration through the cortical bone, predetermined via CBCT assessment of local cortical bone thickness.
  • The TAD will undergo partial derotation (unwinding) by half the total number of initial insertion turns to slightly back the device away from the cortical bone.
  • The TADs will then be reangulated to an oblique path of 30-45° relative to the occlusal plane before completing final seating between second premolar and first permanent molar

Que mesure l'étude ?

Principaux critères de jugement

Mesure des résultats
Description de la mesure
Délai
Survival rate
Délai: Post alignment (at the start of enmasse retraction), and subsequently at monthly intervals during en-masse retraction: Month 1, Month 2, Months 3, Month 4, Months 5, Months 6.

Survival Rate Percentage of TADs that remain physically retained in bone (not necessarily stable for orthodontic load) over 6 months, regardless of whether they are functionally useful (Schätzle et al., 2009)

Citeria of Survived TADs Retain in bone regardless function and complications.

Mininum value:0% Maximum value: 100%

Higher value indicate greater percentage of TADs that remain physically retained in bone (not necessarily stable for orthodontic load)
Post alignment (at the start of enmasse retraction), and subsequently at monthly intervals during en-masse retraction: Month 1, Month 2, Months 3, Month 4, Months 5, Months 6.
Success rate
Délai: at immediate post-insertion (Day 0), post alignment (at the start of en-masse retraction), and subsequently at monthly intervals during en-masse retraction: Month 1, Month 2, Month 3, Month 4, Month 5, and Month 6.

Success Rate Percentage of TADs that remain functionally stable and serve their orthodontic purpose throughout treatment, without mobility, infection, or premature failure (Dalessandri et al., 2014)

Citeria of Success TADs (Sharma et al., 2011)

  • No inflammation of soft tissue surrounding TADs
  • No clinically detectable mobility (IST > 60)
  • Anchorage function sustained until the end of the purpose for which the TADs were used

Mininum value:0% Maximum value: 100% Higher value indicate higher percentage of TADs that remain functionally stable and serve their orthodontic purpose throughout treatment, without mobility, infection, or premature failure
at immediate post-insertion (Day 0), post alignment (at the start of en-masse retraction), and subsequently at monthly intervals during en-masse retraction: Month 1, Month 2, Month 3, Month 4, Month 5, and Month 6.
Primary stability and secondary stability
Délai: at immediate post-insertion (Day 0), post alignment (at the start of en-masse retraction), and subsequently at monthly intervals during en-masse retraction: Month 1, Month 2, Month 3, Month 4, Month 5, and Month 6.

Primary stability Mechanical retention of a TAD immediately after placement, derived from the mechanical interlocking between the screw threads and the surrounding bone (Seifi & Matini, 2016)

Secondary stability Biological stabilisation of a TAD that occurs after healing and remodelling, primarily due to bone apposition and osseointegration around the device (Wu et al., 2021)

AnyCheck Implant Stability Meter (Figure 3.8) to determine stability of TADs by measuring implant Stability Test (iST) value at insertion T0 to T9.

Min value: 1 Max value: 99 Higher value indicate high stability of TADs

Interpretation of iST (Kim et al., 2020) IST Range Interpretation <60 Low primary stability 60-64 Moderate stability >64 High stability
at immediate post-insertion (Day 0), post alignment (at the start of en-masse retraction), and subsequently at monthly intervals during en-masse retraction: Month 1, Month 2, Month 3, Month 4, Month 5, and Month 6.

Mesures de résultats secondaires

Mesure des résultats
Description de la mesure
Délai
Patient- reported outcome
Délai: at immediate post-insertion (Day 0), post alignment (at the start of en-masse retraction), and subsequently at monthly intervals during en-masse retraction: Month 1, Month 2, Month 3, Month 4, Month 5, and Month 6.

Patient perception of pain at each quadrant (upper right, upper left, lower right, and lower left jaw) will be measured with a four-point Likert scale correlated with a 10-point Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).

Perceptions of swelling, chewing difficulty, and cleaning difficulty at each jaw quadrant will be captured using categorical dichotomous responses (Yes or No).

Patient reported outcome questionnaires (Appendix 2):

Patient perception of pain 0: No pain/VAS 0)

  1. Mild pain/VAS 1-4
  2. Moderate pain/VAS 5-6
  3. Severe or worsening pain/VAS 7-10 Perceptions of swelling, chewing difficulty, and cleaning difficulty Yes: Presence of swelling/ chewing difficulty/ cleaning difficulty No: Absence of swelling/ chewing difficulty/ cleaning difficulty
at immediate post-insertion (Day 0), post alignment (at the start of en-masse retraction), and subsequently at monthly intervals during en-masse retraction: Month 1, Month 2, Month 3, Month 4, Month 5, and Month 6.
Trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV)
Délai: During enmasse retraction at Month 6

Percentage of the volume of mineralized trabecular bone (bone volume, BV) to the total volume (TV) of the region of interest within cancellous bone. Association between maxillary and mandibular trabeculae bone volume fraction with TADs stability, survival and success

White region: (Bruker, 2013) Solid regions of the bony trabeculae areas within the range of the binary threshold selection

Black region:

Spaces among the bong mandibular trabeculae

Min value: 1% Max value: 99% Higher value indicate higher percentage of the volume of mineralized trabecular bone (bone volume, BV) to the total volume (TV) of the region of interest within cancellous bone. ercentage of the volume of mineralized trabecular bone (bone volume, BV) to the total volume (TV) of the region of interest within cancellous bone.
During enmasse retraction at Month 6
Complications (inflammation, mobility, or need for replacement)
Délai: at immediate post-insertion (Day 0), post alignment (at the start of en-masse retraction), and subsequently at monthly intervals during en-masse retraction: Month 1, Month 2, Month 3, Month 4, Month 5, and Month 6.
  1. Inflammation Redness, swelling or bleeding on touching around the neck of the TADs (Park et al., 2006; Samrit et al., 2012) Inflammation (Park et al., 2006; Samrit et al., 2012) Yes: Presence of redness, swelling or bleeding on touching around the neck of the TADs No: Absence of redness, swelling or bleeding on touching around the neck of the TADs
  2. Mobility Mobility will be checked with AnyCheck implant stability meter. Mobility (Kim et al., 2020) Yes: Mobile (IST < 60) No: Not mobile (IST > 60)
  3. Need for replacement of TADs Removal and reinsertion of a TADs at a new or the same site due to loss of stability, inflammation, root contact, soft-tissue complications, or poor anchorage performance during orthodontic treatment.

Need for replacement Yes: Need replacement of TADs (IST < 60) No: No need replacement of TADs (IST > 60)
at immediate post-insertion (Day 0), post alignment (at the start of en-masse retraction), and subsequently at monthly intervals during en-masse retraction: Month 1, Month 2, Month 3, Month 4, Month 5, and Month 6.

Collaborateurs et enquêteurs

C'est ici que vous trouverez les personnes et les organisations impliquées dans cette étude.

Parrainer

University of Malaya

Dates d'enregistrement des études

Ces dates suivent la progression des dossiers d'étude et des soumissions de résultats sommaires à ClinicalTrials.gov. Les dossiers d'étude et les résultats rapportés sont examinés par la Bibliothèque nationale de médecine (NLM) pour s'assurer qu'ils répondent à des normes de contrôle de qualité spécifiques avant d'être publiés sur le site Web public.

Dates principales de l'étude

Début de l'étude (Estimé)

1 août 2026

Achèvement primaire (Estimé)

31 juillet 2028

Achèvement de l'étude (Estimé)

31 juillet 2028

Dates d'inscription aux études

Première soumission

9 juillet 2026

Première soumission répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité

14 juillet 2026

Première publication (Réel)

21 juillet 2026

Mises à jour des dossiers d'étude

Dernière mise à jour publiée (Réel)

21 juillet 2026

Dernière mise à jour soumise répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité

14 juillet 2026

Dernière vérification

1 juin 2026

Plus d'information

Termes liés à cette étude

Mots clés

Autres numéros d'identification d'étude

  • DF CD2615/0058(P)
  • UMG-2026 (Autre subvention/numéro de financement: Universiti Malaya)

Plan pour les données individuelles des participants (IPD)

Prévoyez-vous de partager les données individuelles des participants (DPI) ?

NON

Informations sur les médicaments et les dispositifs, documents d'étude

Étudie un produit pharmaceutique réglementé par la FDA américaine

Non

Étudie un produit d'appareil réglementé par la FDA américaine

Non

produit fabriqué et exporté des États-Unis.

Non

Ces informations ont été extraites directement du site Web clinicaltrials.gov sans aucune modification. Si vous avez des demandes de modification, de suppression ou de mise à jour des détails de votre étude, veuillez contacter register@clinicaltrials.gov. Dès qu'un changement est mis en œuvre sur clinicaltrials.gov, il sera également mis à jour automatiquement sur notre site Web .

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