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Effects of Quitting Study A Test of Pre-clinical Findings

11 marzo 2016 aggiornato da: John Hughes, University of Vermont

Does Smoking Cessation Increase Anhedonia? A Test of Pre-clinical Findings

The most widely-accepted animal model of nicotine withdrawal states stopping nicotine makes rewarding events become less rewarding. The current study will test if this is true in humans. If we find tobacco abstinence does make rewards less rewarding, this would suggest new symptoms to add to official descriptions of nicotine withdrawal. It would also suggest we need to develop new behavioral and pharmacological interventions to correct this problem. If stopping smoking does not make rewards less rewarding, this would suggest this animal model does not apply to the human condition and we need to continue to search for an animal model of tobacco withdrawal that is relevant to smokers stopping smoking.

Panoramica dello studio

Stato

Completato

Condizioni

Intervento / Trattamento

Descrizione dettagliata

Study design We will recruit until we have 70 current smokers who want to quit at two sites (Univ of Vermont and Dartmouth Medical School). We will also recruit a comparison group of 70 long-time former smokers to assist in interpretation of the results. In the first week, smokers will smoke their usual number of cigs/day. They will then quit and are to remain abstinent for 4 weeks. We will use a schedule of escalating monetary contingencies based on breath and saliva and/or urine samples to encourage abstinence. We will obtain dependent measures twice/week. The primary measures of reward responsivity will be the percent choosing the hard task and the amount of responding for a monetary reward on the EEfRT task and the score on our Rewarding Events scale. Other outcomes will be delay discounting results and self-reports of anhedonia and apathy.

The study will run for 1 week pre-cessation (2 visits) and then for 4 weeks post-cessation. Measures and biochemical verifications will occur twice/wk. Former smokers will attend once a wee for four weeks.

For the first week of abstinence, the cutoff for nonsmoking will be CO <8 ppm. For the remaining weeks, abstinence will be verified with a score of 0 (<10 ng/ml of cotinine) on a test strip in a saliva or urine sample plus a CO <8 ppm.

At the initial session, completion of baseline surveys will describe the sample and also measure plausible moderators such as depression.

We believe the most direct test of reward sensitivity is an evaluation of the influence of abstinence on operant responding for a reward. Thus, we have chosen performance on the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT), which examines responding as a function of response cost, reward magnitude and probability of reward, as one of our primary outcomes.

For a self-report measure we will use our Rewarding Events (RE) scale that asks both about occurrence of presumed rewarding events and their anticipated pleasantness. Our RE scale will ask participants to rate 58 items on frequency in the last week as well perceived/expected pleasantness of events.

Secondary measures include the 18-item Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES), the Temporal Experience of Pleasure (TEPS), Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale-Revised (MNWS), and a measure of delay discounting (DD).

Tipo di studio

Interventistico

Iscrizione (Effettivo)

287

Fase

  • Non applicabile

Contatti e Sedi

Questa sezione fornisce i recapiti di coloro che conducono lo studio e informazioni su dove viene condotto lo studio.

Luoghi di studio

  • Stati Uniti
    • New Hampshire
      • Hanover, New Hampshire, Stati Uniti, 03755
        • Dartmouth College
    • Vermont
      • Burlington, Vermont, Stati Uniti, 05401
        • University of Vermont

Criteri di partecipazione

I ricercatori cercano persone che corrispondano a una certa descrizione, chiamata criteri di ammissibilità. Alcuni esempi di questi criteri sono le condizioni generali di salute di una persona o trattamenti precedenti.

Criteri di ammissibilità

Età idonea allo studio

18 anni e precedenti (Adulto, Adulto più anziano)

Accetta volontari sani

Sì

Sessi ammissibili allo studio

Tutto

Descrizione

Inclusion Criteria:

For all participants:

  • 18 yrs old or older
  • able to read and understand verbal English fluently
  • citizen or resident alien
  • agree to abstain from illegal drugs during the study

For current smokers:

  1. currently smoke >10 cigarettes daily for > 1 yr
  2. want to quit smoking for good via abrupt cessation without treatment
  3. willing to quit 7-14 days from study entry and not reduce before quitting
  4. no reduction in cigs/day by >25% in the last month
  5. agree to no use of non-cigarette tobacco, non-tobacco nicotine, marijuana, illegal drugs, electronic cigarettes, or smoking cessation medications during the study
  6. have carbon monoxide (CO) level > or = 8 ppm at the time of consent
  7. no current use of prescribed psychoactive medications, including smoking cessation products.

For former smokers:

  1. smoked >10 cigarettes daily for > 1 yr
  2. quit at least 1 yr ago
  3. use of cigarettes or e-cigarettes 5 or fewer times in past year
  4. no tobacco or nicotine-containing product in last month
  5. agree to no use of non-cigarette tobacco, non-tobacco nicotine, marijuana, illegal drugs, electronic cigarettes, or smoking cessation medications during the study
  6. have carbon monoxide (CO) level < 8 ppm at the time of consent
  7. no current use of prescribed psychoactive medications, including smoking cessation products.

Exclusion Criteria for all participants:

  • History of hand or wrist problems that could be exacerbated by study participation or interferes with completion of tasks
  • current (last year) mood or alcohol/drug-related psychiatric disorder or any neurological condition that could influence reward sensitivity; e.g. Parkinsonism
  • used marijuana 2 or more times in the last month
  • problems with the use of alcohol or illegal drugs in the last 6 months
  • currently pregnant
  • use of smokeless tobacco
  • lacking the use of one or both hands

Piano di studio

Questa sezione fornisce i dettagli del piano di studio, compreso il modo in cui lo studio è progettato e ciò che lo studio sta misurando.

Come è strutturato lo studio?

Dettagli di progettazione

  • Scopo principale: Scienza basilare
  • Assegnazione: N / A
  • Modello interventistico: Assegnazione di gruppo singolo
  • Mascheramento: Nessuno (etichetta aperta)

Armi e interventi

Gruppo di partecipanti / Arm
Intervento / Trattamento
Sperimentale: Smokers Cease Smoking
Participants are paid to quit smoking without using any medications.
Comportamentale: Smokers cease smoking
Smokers are paid to be abstinent for four weeks, and stop-smoking medications may not be used.

Cosa sta misurando lo studio?

Misure di risultato primarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Responses to Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT) Test
Lasso di tempo: four weeks after quit date
The primary outcome will be the percent choosing the hard task and the amount of responding for a monetary reward on the EEfRT task.
four weeks after quit date
Rewarding Events Scale score.
Lasso di tempo: four weeks after quit date
The score on our Rewarding Events scale.
four weeks after quit date

Misure di risultato secondarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Delayed Discounting
Lasso di tempo: four weeks after quit date
Measures preference for immediate vs. delayed rewards by responses to several scenarios. Outcome is a statistic that describes relative preference by time to reward.
four weeks after quit date
Self-reports of Anhedonia and Apathy
Lasso di tempo: four weeks after quit date
Temporal Experience of Pleasure (TEPS) and Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) both ask participants to rate pleasantness of common rewards. Outcome is mean rating on ordinal scales. Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) and the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale-Revised (MNWS) ask participants to rate several mood or nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Outcome is mean rating on 4 or 5 point ordinal scale.
four weeks after quit date

Collaboratori e investigatori

Qui è dove troverai le persone e le organizzazioni coinvolte in questo studio.

Sponsor

University of Vermont

Collaboratori

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Studiare le date dei record

Queste date tengono traccia dell'avanzamento della registrazione dello studio e dell'invio dei risultati di sintesi a ClinicalTrials.gov. I record degli studi e i risultati riportati vengono esaminati dalla National Library of Medicine (NLM) per assicurarsi che soddisfino specifici standard di controllo della qualità prima di essere pubblicati sul sito Web pubblico.

Studia le date principali

Inizio studio

1 aprile 2013

Completamento primario (Effettivo)

1 settembre 2015

Completamento dello studio (Effettivo)

1 settembre 2015

Date di iscrizione allo studio

Primo inviato

1 aprile 2013

Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità

1 aprile 2013

Primo Inserito (Stima)

4 aprile 2013

Aggiornamenti dei record di studio

Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Stima)

14 marzo 2016

Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC

11 marzo 2016

Ultimo verificato

1 marzo 2016

Maggiori informazioni

Termini relativi a questo studio

Parole chiave

Termini MeSH pertinenti aggiuntivi

Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio

  • CHRBS B11-185
  • R01DA031687 (Sovvenzione/contratto NIH degli Stati Uniti)

Queste informazioni sono state recuperate direttamente dal sito web clinicaltrials.gov senza alcuna modifica. In caso di richieste di modifica, rimozione o aggiornamento dei dettagli dello studio, contattare register@clinicaltrials.gov. Non appena verrà implementata una modifica su clinicaltrials.gov, questa verrà aggiornata automaticamente anche sul nostro sito web .

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