Effect of Adding a Biceps Femoris Short Head Block to Adductor Canal Block for Analgesia After Total Knee Arthroplasty (BiFeS-TKA)
Analgesic Efficacy of Adding a Short Head of the Biceps Femoris Muscle Block to the Adductor Canal Block in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Panoramica dello studio
Stato
Condizioni
Descrizione dettagliata
Background
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the definitive surgical treatment for end-stage knee osteoarthritis and is one of the most frequently performed orthopedic procedures worldwide. Despite advances in multimodal analgesic strategies, postoperative pain following TKA remains a major clinical challenge. Inadequate pain control may delay early mobilization, impair functional recovery, prolong hospitalization, increase opioid consumption, and reduce patient satisfaction. Therefore, optimization of regional anesthesia techniques continues to be an important component of enhanced recovery protocols after TKA.
Ultrasound-guided adductor canal block (ACB) has become a widely accepted motor-sparing regional analgesic technique for TKA because it provides effective analgesia to the anteromedial aspect of the knee while largely preserving quadriceps muscle strength. Nevertheless, the posterior compartment of the knee receives sensory innervation from branches of the sciatic nerve that are not consistently anesthetized by ACB alone. Consequently, residual posterior knee pain remains a common limitation of this technique.
The ultrasound-guided biceps femoris short head (BiFeS) block is a recently described regional anesthesia technique that targets the posterolateral sensory innervation of the knee through deposition of local anesthetic within the fascial plane adjacent to the short head of the biceps femoris muscle. Anatomical and preliminary clinical investigations suggest that this technique may provide additional analgesic coverage of the posterior knee while preserving motor function. However, evidence regarding its clinical efficacy as an adjunct to ACB in patients undergoing primary TKA remains limited.
Study Objectives
The objective of this study is to determine whether the addition of an ultrasound-guided BiFeS block to a standard ultrasound-guided ACB provides superior postoperative analgesia compared with ultrasound-guided ACB alone in patients undergoing primary unilateral TKA under spinal anesthesia.
Study Design
This is a prospective, single-center, parallel-group, randomized controlled clinical trial. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either an ultrasound-guided adductor canal block or an ultrasound-guided adductor canal block combined with a biceps femoris short head block before surgery. All patients underwent total knee arthroplasty under single-shot spinal anesthesia with 15 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine. No periarticular local infiltration analgesia was performed by the surgical team. Postoperatively, all patients received a standardized multimodal analgesic regimen consisting of intravenous paracetamol (1 g) administered every 8 hours. Rescue analgesia consisted of intravenous tramadol (100 mg), which was administered when the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) pain score was ≥4.
Outcome Assessment
The primary endpoint is cumulative intravenous morphine consumption (mg) from arrival in the post-anesthesia care unit until 48 hours after surgery. Secondary endpoints include postoperative pain intensity assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), time to first rescue analgesic administration, quadriceps muscle strength, functional recovery assessed by the Timed Up and Go test and knee range of motion, quality of postoperative recovery (QoR-15), postoperative nausea and vomiting, patient and surgeon satisfaction, length of hospital stay, and block-related adverse events.
Clinical Significance
This study is designed to provide high-quality evidence regarding the potential clinical benefit of incorporating the BiFeS block into contemporary multimodal analgesic protocols for total knee arthroplasty. If the combined regional analgesic approach demonstrates improved postoperative analgesia while preserving motor function, it may represent an effective strategy to facilitate enhanced recovery after surgery and reduce perioperative opioid requirements.
Tipo di studio
Iscrizione (Stimato)
Fase
- Non applicabile
Contatti e Sedi
Contatto studio
- Nome: Nilgun Kavrut Ozturk, MD,Professor
- Numero di telefono: +905334196049
- Email: kavrut@yahoo.com
Backup dei contatti dello studio
- Nome: Serhat Gulersen, MD,
- Numero di telefono: +905445336784
- Email: serhatgulersen@gmail.com
Luoghi di studio
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Antalya
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Antalya, Antalya, Turchia (Türkiye), 07100
- Antalya Training and Research Hospital
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Contatto:
- Nilgun Kavrut Ozturk, MD, Professor
- Numero di telefono: +95334196049
- Email: kavrut@yahoo.com
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Contatto:
- Serhat Gulersen, MD
- Numero di telefono: +905445336784
- Email: serhatgulersen@gmail.com
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Investigatore principale:
- Serhat Gulersen, MD,
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Criteri di partecipazione
Criteri di ammissibilità
Età idonea allo studio
- Adulto
- Adulto più anziano
Accetta volontari sani
Descrizione
Inclusion Criteria:
- Scheduled for elective primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty under spinal -anesthesia.
- American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-III.
- Body mass index (BMI) <40 kg/m².
- Ability to understand the study procedures and provide written informed consent.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Refusal to participate or inability to provide informed consent.
- Body mass index 40 kg/m2 or higher.
- ASA physical status IV or V.
- Known allergy or hypersensitivity to local anesthetics, opioids, or other study -medications.
- Pregnancy or breastfeeding.
- Uncontrolled psychiatric disease or severe anxiety interfering with study participation.
- Pre-existing neuromuscular disease or peripheral neuropathy involving the operative limb.
- Chronic opioid use or opioid dependence.
- Chronic pain syndrome requiring regular analgesic therapy.
- Severe hepatic or renal insufficiency.
- Contraindications to spinal anesthesia or peripheral nerve block, including -coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, local infection at the injection site, or patient refusal.
- Planned bilateral or revision total knee arthroplasty.
Piano di studio
Come è strutturato lo studio?
Dettagli di progettazione
- Scopo principale: Trattamento
- Assegnazione: Randomizzato
- Modello interventistico: Assegnazione parallela
- Mascheramento: Doppio
Armi e interventi
Gruppo di partecipanti / Arm |
Intervento / Trattamento |
|---|---|
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Comparatore attivo: Ultrasound-Guided Adductor Canal Block
Participants assigned to this arm will receive an ultrasound-guided adductor canal block before the induction of spinal anesthesia for primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty.
All regional blocks will be performed according to a standardized study protocol.
Perioperative anesthetic management, surgical procedures, and postoperative multimodal analgesia will be standardized for all participants.
|
An ultrasound-guided adductor canal block will be performed before the induction of spinal anesthesia using a standardized technique.
Following ultrasound identification of the adductor canal, 30 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine will be injected into the adductor canal adjacent to the femoral artery to provide perioperative analgesia for primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty.
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Sperimentale: Ultrasound-Guided Adductor Canal Block Combined With Biceps Femoris Short Head Block
Participants assigned to this arm will receive an ultrasound-guided adductor canal block combined with an ultrasound-guided biceps femoris short head block before spinal anesthesia for primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty.
Both regional blocks will be performed according to a standardized study protocol.
Perioperative anesthetic management, surgical procedures, and postoperative multimodal analgesic regimens will be standardized for all participants.
|
An ultrasound-guided adductor canal block will be performed before the induction of spinal anesthesia using a standardized technique.
Following ultrasound identification of the adductor canal, 30 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine will be injected into the adductor canal adjacent to the femoral artery to provide perioperative analgesia for primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty.
An ultrasound-guided biceps femoris short head block will be performed before the induction of spinal anesthesia using a standardized technique.
Following ultrasound identification of the fascial plane adjacent to the short head of the biceps femoris muscle, 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine will be administered to provide additional posterolateral knee analgesia as an adjunct to the adductor canal block.
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Cosa sta misurando lo studio?
Misure di risultato primarie
Misura del risultato |
Misura Descrizione |
Lasso di tempo |
|---|---|---|
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Cumulative Opioid Consumption
Lasso di tempo: From arrival in the post-anesthesia care unit until 48 hours after surgery
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Cumulative opioid consumption during the first 48 postoperative hours, recorded as intravenous morphine equivalent dose (mg).
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From arrival in the post-anesthesia care unit until 48 hours after surgery
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Misure di risultato secondarie
Misura del risultato |
Misura Descrizione |
Lasso di tempo |
|---|---|---|
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Postoperative Pain Intensity
Lasso di tempo: 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours after surgery
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Postoperative pain intensity will be assessed using the 11-point Numeric Rating Scale (NRS).
Scores range from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates the worst imaginable pain.
Pain will be evaluated both at rest and during knee flexion.
Lower scores indicate better postoperative analgesia.
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4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours after surgery
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Time to First Rescue Analgesic Administration
Lasso di tempo: During the first 48 postoperative hours
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Time from completion of surgery to the first administration of rescue analgesic medication, recorded in hours.
Longer time intervals indicate prolonged postoperative analgesic effectiveness.
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During the first 48 postoperative hours
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Quadriceps Muscle Strength
Lasso di tempo: Preoperatively and at 8, 24, and 48 hours after surgery
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Quadriceps muscle strength will be assessed using the Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) Scale, ranging from 0 to 5, where 0 represents no visible muscle contraction and 5 represents normal muscle strength against full resistance.
Higher scores indicate greater quadriceps muscle strength.
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Preoperatively and at 8, 24, and 48 hours after surgery
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Functional Mobility
Lasso di tempo: 24 and 48 hours after surgery
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Functional mobility will be evaluated using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test.
The total time (seconds) required to stand from a seated position, walk 3 meters, turn, return, and sit down will be recorded.
Shorter completion times indicate better functional mobility.
Participants who were unable to perform the TUG test independently at 24 hours after surgery were withdrawn from the study according to the study protocol.
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24 and 48 hours after surgery
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Knee Range of Motion
Lasso di tempo: Preoperatively and at 12 and 24 hours after surgery
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Active knee flexion range of motion will be measured in the supine position using a standard goniometer.
The maximum active knee flexion angle will be recorded in degrees.
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Preoperatively and at 12 and 24 hours after surgery
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Quality of Recovery at 24 Hours Assessed Using QoR-15
Lasso di tempo: 24 hours after surgery
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Recovery quality will be evaluated using the Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) questionnaire.
Total scores range from 0 to 150, with higher scores indicating better postoperative recovery.
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24 hours after surgery
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Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
Lasso di tempo: Incidence of postopereative nausea and/ or vomiting within 48 hours
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The severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting will be assessed using a 4-point ordinal scale (0-3), where 0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, and 3 = severe.
Lower scores indicate fewer postoperative symptoms.
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Incidence of postopereative nausea and/ or vomiting within 48 hours
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Patient Satisfaction
Lasso di tempo: 48 hours after surgery
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Patient satisfaction with postoperative pain management will be assessed using a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (very dissatisfied) to 5 (very satisfied).
Higher scores indicate greater patient satisfaction.
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48 hours after surgery
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Surgeon Satisfaction
Lasso di tempo: At completion of surgery
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Surgeon satisfaction with perioperative conditions will be assessed using a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (very dissatisfied) to 5 (very satisfied).
Higher scores indicate greater surgeon satisfaction.
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At completion of surgery
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Length of Hospital Stay
Lasso di tempo: From end of surgery to hospital discharge, assessed up to 10 days
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Length of hospital stay will be defined as the time from completion of surgery until hospital discharge and will be recorded in hours.
Shorter hospital stay indicates earlier postoperative recovery.
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From end of surgery to hospital discharge, assessed up to 10 days
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Block-Related Adverse Events
Lasso di tempo: From block placement to hospital discharge, assessed up to 10 days
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The incidence of block-related adverse events, including neurological injury, foot drop, local anesthetic systemic toxicity, hematoma, infection, allergic reactions, and myotoxicity, will be recorded.
Outcomes will be reported as the number of participants experiencing each event.
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From block placement to hospital discharge, assessed up to 10 days
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Collaboratori e investigatori
Investigatori
- Investigatore principale: Serhat Gulersen, MD,, University of Health Sciences Türkiye, Antalya Training and Research Hospital
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Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio
- 10840098-202.3.02-446
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