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School Program for Resilience and Bullying Prevention

29 juni 2026 bijgewerkt door: Osman Kuçukkelepce, MD, Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi Gulhane Tip Fakultesi

School-Based Intervention to Enhance Psychological Resilience and Bullying Awareness Among High School Students: A Mixed-Methods Study

This study evaluated whether a school-based psychoeducational program could improve psychological resilience and reduce bullying victimization among high school students in Hatay, Türkiye, following the 2023 earthquake. The intervention consisted of a 10-week psychological resilience program followed by a 5-week peer bullying awareness program delivered in weekly group sessions. A single-group pretest-posttest mixed-methods design was used. Psychological resilience and bullying victimization were assessed before the intervention and three months after program completion using validated self-report scales. Qualitative data were also collected to explore students' experiences and perceived benefits of the program.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Voltooid

Conditie

Interventie / Behandeling

Gedetailleerde beschrijving

Adolescents living in disaster-affected regions may experience increased psychological distress, reduced resilience, and greater vulnerability to peer bullying. School-based psychoeducational interventions may strengthen coping skills, improve emotional regulation, and promote healthier peer relationships.

This study was conducted in Hatay, Türkiye, following the February 2023 earthquakes to examine changes in psychological resilience and bullying victimization after participation in a structured psychoeducational intervention.

The study used a single-group pretest-posttest mixed-methods design. High school students participated in a 15-week intervention consisting of two sequential components. The first component was a 10-week psychological resilience program designed to improve self-awareness, emotional regulation, coping skills, self-efficacy, goal setting, and social support. The second component was a 5-week peer bullying awareness program developed by the Ministry of National Education with educational support from UNICEF, focusing on recognizing bullying, empathy, bystander intervention, and prevention strategies.

Quantitative outcomes were measured using the Child and Youth Resilience Measure-12 (CYRM-12) and the Child-Adolescent Bullying Scale-9 Short Form (CABS-9). Assessments were performed before the intervention and three months after completion of the program. Qualitative data were collected using open-ended written questions to explore participants' perceptions of the intervention and its effects.

The primary objective was to evaluate changes in psychological resilience and bullying victimization following participation in the program. Secondary objectives included exploring students' experiences of the intervention and identifying perceived changes in personal development, peer relationships, and school climate.

Studietype

Ingrijpend

Inschrijving (Werkelijk)

101

Fase

  • Niet toepasbaar

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studie Locaties

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

  • Kind
  • Volwassen

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Ja

Beschrijving

**Inclusion Criteria:**

  • Students enrolled in grades 9, 10, or 11 at the participating high school in Hatay, Türkiye.
  • Aged between 14 and 18 years.
  • Able to understand and complete the study questionnaires.
  • Willing to participate in the school-based intervention.
  • Written informed consent obtained from parents or legal guardians, and assent obtained from the student where applicable.

**Exclusion Criteria:**

  • Students who did not provide informed consent or whose parents/legal guardians did not provide consent.
  • Students who were absent from the majority of intervention sessions.
  • Students who did not complete both the baseline and follow-up assessments.
  • Students who withdrew from the study at any time during the intervention period.

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

  • Primair doel: Preventie
  • Toewijzing: NVT
  • Interventioneel model: Opdracht voor een enkele groep
  • Masker: Geen (open label)

Wapens en interventies

Deelnemersgroep / Arm
Interventie / Behandeling
Experimenteel: Intervention Group
Participants in this single-arm study received a sequential 15-week school-based behavioral intervention. The intervention consisted of a 10-week Psychological Resilience Program followed immediately by a 5-week Peer Bullying Awareness Program. Weekly group sessions focused on developing emotional regulation, coping skills, resilience, communication, social support, empathy, bullying awareness, bystander intervention, conflict resolution, and bullying prevention. All participants received both intervention components in the same order, and outcomes were assessed before the intervention and three months after program completion.
Gedragsmatig: Psychological Resilience Program
The Psychological Resilience Program was a structured, school-based psychoeducational intervention delivered in weekly group sessions over 10 consecutive weeks. The program was designed to strengthen adolescents' psychological resilience following the 2023 earthquakes in Türkiye. The curriculum included activities aimed at improving self-awareness, emotional awareness and regulation, stress management, problem-solving, coping strategies, communication skills, self-efficacy, goal setting, optimism, social support, and adaptive responses to challenging life events. Sessions were conducted using interactive methods, including group discussions, experiential activities, role-playing, reflection exercises, and practical skill-building tasks. The intervention was delivered by trained professionals according to a standardized program protocol.
Gedragsmatig: Peer Bullying Awareness Program
The Peer Bullying Awareness Program was delivered immediately after completion of the resilience program and consisted of five weekly school-based group sessions. The program was developed by the Turkish Ministry of National Education with educational support from UNICEF and was designed to increase awareness of peer bullying and promote healthy peer relationships. Session topics included the definition and types of bullying, recognition of bullying behaviors, empathy development, emotional awareness, effective communication, bystander responsibilities, conflict resolution, reporting mechanisms, and strategies for preventing bullying in school settings. Interactive discussions, scenario-based learning, group activities, and reflective exercises were used to encourage active participation and application of the concepts in everyday school life.

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Psychological Resilience
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and 3 months after completion of the intervention.
Psychological resilience will be assessed using the Child and Youth Resilience Measure-12 (CYRM-12), a validated self-report instrument that evaluates individual, relational, and contextual resilience resources among adolescents. The total CYRM-12 score will be used to determine changes in participants' resilience following the intervention. Higher scores indicate greater psychological resilience and adaptive coping capacity.
Baseline and 3 months after completion of the intervention.
Peer Bullying victimization
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and 3 months after completion of the intervention.
Peer bullying victimization will be assessed using the Child-Adolescent Bullying Scale-9 Short Form (CABS-9), a validated self-report instrument that measures the frequency and severity of bullying experiences among adolescents. Total CABS-9 scores will be compared before and after the intervention to evaluate changes in peer bullying victimization. Lower scores indicate reduced exposure to peer bullying and improved school social experiences.
Baseline and 3 months after completion of the intervention.

Secundaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Participants' Experiences of the Intervention
Tijdsspanne: 3 months after completion of the intervention.
Participants' experiences and perceptions of the intervention will be explored using open-ended qualitative questions administered three months after completion of the program. Responses will be analyzed using thematic content analysis to identify perceived changes in psychological resilience, coping strategies, emotional well-being, peer relationships, bullying awareness, and the overall usefulness of the intervention.
3 months after completion of the intervention.

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Sponsor

Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi Gulhane Tip Fakultesi

Medewerkers

Mustafa Kemal University

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Werkelijk)

10 september 2025

Primaire voltooiing (Werkelijk)

15 maart 2026

Studie voltooiing (Werkelijk)

20 maart 2026

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

29 juni 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

29 juni 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

6 juli 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

6 juli 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

29 juni 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 juni 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Trefwoorden

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • 902-01-FR 006
  • MEB.TT.2025.029302.01 (Andere identificatie: Republic of Türkiye Ministry of National Education (MoNE) veya Turkish Ministry of National Education)

Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)

Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?

JA

Beschrijving IPD-plan

De-identified individual participant data underlying the results reported in this study will be made available to qualified researchers upon reasonable request to the corresponding author. Data will be shared after publication of the study, subject to approval of a methodologically sound research proposal and in accordance with institutional ethics requirements and applicable data protection regulations. The corresponding author will provide the data upon request.

IPD-tijdsbestek voor delen

De-identified individual participant data and supporting documents will be available beginning 6 months after publication of the study and will remain available for 5 years.

IPD-toegangscriteria voor delen

De-identified individual participant data, the study protocol, statistical analysis plan, and analytic code will be made available to qualified researchers upon reasonable request to the corresponding author. Requests must include a methodologically sound research proposal and may require approval by the study investigators and the relevant institutional ethics committee. Data will be shared in accordance with institutional policies, participant confidentiality requirements, and applicable data protection regulations.

IPD delen Ondersteunend informatietype

  • LEERPROTOCOOL
  • SAP
  • ANALYTIC_CODE

Bestudeer gegevens/documenten

  1. Leerprotocool
    Informatie-ID: Study Protocol v1.0
    Informatie opmerkingen: The study protocol is available in the shared repository.
  2. Gegevensset individuele deelnemers
    Informatie-ID: Deidentified IPD v1.0
    Informatie opmerkingen: De-identified individual participant data underlying the findings of this study are available through the shared repository. The dataset contains anonymized participant-level data with all direct identifiers removed and is provided for research purposes in accordance with institutional ethics requirements.

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

Deze informatie is zonder wijzigingen rechtstreeks van de website clinicaltrials.gov gehaald. Als u verzoeken heeft om uw onderzoeksgegevens te wijzigen, te verwijderen of bij te werken, neem dan contact op met register@clinicaltrials.gov. Zodra er een wijziging wordt doorgevoerd op clinicaltrials.gov, wordt deze ook automatisch bijgewerkt op onze website .

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