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Piaget-Based Nutrition Education in Preschools (PNEP)

23 augustus 2026 bijgewerkt door: Perihan Solmaz, Uşak University

Piaget-Based Nutrition Education in Preschools: An Explanatory Sequential Mixed-Methods Evaluation

This explanatory sequential mixed-methods study evaluated a six-week Piaget-based nutrition education programme for preschool children. Seven public preschools were randomized at the school level to an intervention condition (three preschools) or a usual-curriculum control condition (four preschools). The intervention consisted of six weekly, approximately 30-minute, developmentally tailored sessions delivered to groups of children in their usual classrooms. Mothers completed measures of children's food consumption frequency, nutrition behavior, and eating behavior before and immediately after the programme. Following the quantitative phase, three focus groups with 18 mothers from intervention preschools explored perceived changes and helped interpret the quantitative patterns. Because preschool identifiers were not retained in the final analytical dataset, the reported child-level analyses did not adjust for clustering and are interpreted as exploratory.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Voltooid

Conditie

Interventie / Behandeling

Studietype

Ingrijpend

Inschrijving (Werkelijk)

268

Fase

  • Niet toepasbaar

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studie Locaties

  • Turkije (Türkiye)
      • Uşak, Turkije (Türkiye), 64200
        • Preschools affiliated with the Provincial Directorate of National Education, Uşak

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

  • Kind

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Ja

Beschrijving

The sample of the study consists of preschool children and their mothers.

Inclusion criteria for the sample:

  • Mothers of children aged 3-6 attending kindergartens affiliated with the Provincial Directorate of National Education
  • Mothers whose children do not have any health problems affecting their nutritional status
  • Mothers aged 18 and above
  • Mothers who are at least literate.

The exclusion criteria for the study are as follows:

  • Children with hearing and speech problems,
  • Children who do not understand or speak Turkish,
  • Children with any illness or learning difficulties,
  • Those who participate for a maximum of 2 weeks during the six-week nutrition training.

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

  • Primair doel: Preventie
  • Toewijzing: Gerandomiseerd
  • Interventioneel model: Parallelle opdracht
  • Masker: Geen (open label)

Wapens en interventies

Deelnemersgroep / Arm
Interventie / Behandeling
Experimenteel: Piaget-Based Nutrition Education
Children attending the three intervention preschools received the six-week Piaget-based nutrition education programme in their usual classrooms. A total of 138 mother-child dyads were allocated to intervention preschools; 130 children received at least part of the programme, and 127 dyads were included in the reported per-protocol analysis.
Gedragsmatig: Piaget-Based Nutrition Education Program
The researcher delivered six weekly sessions, each lasting approximately 30 minutes, to groups of 8-15 preschool children in their usual classrooms. The programme was tailored to the preoperational stage of cognitive development and used simple language, concrete classification, play, pictures, coloring, cartoons, songs, sensory exploration, and fruit-yogurt preparation. Sessions addressed food groups; fruits; vegetables; energy- and growth-supporting foods; milk and dental health; and foods to be consumed every day or occasionally.
Geen tussenkomst: Usual Preschool Curriculum
Children attending the four control preschools continued their usual preschool curriculum and did not receive the Piaget-based nutrition education programme during the study period. A total of 130 mother-child dyads were allocated to control preschools, and 111 dyads were included in the reported analysis.

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Change from baseline in food consumption frequency
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and immediately after completion of the six-week intervention
In the Food Consumption Frequency Questionnaire, there are foods that include 7 food groups (dairy group, meat group, vegetable group, fruit group, grain group, oil/margarine group, and sweet group) aimed at determining the child's food consumption status (Güneş et al., 2016). Food consumption frequency is recorded in nine different categories (>6/day, 4-5/day, 2-3/day, 1/day, 5-6/week, 2-4/week, 1/week, 1-3/month, 1-none/month). The Food Consumption Frequency Questionnaire specific to Turkish children was developed by Güneş and colleagues in 2016. The form includes not only food items but also commonly used ingredients in Turkish cuisine. During the development phase of the form, a food atlas containing the most frequently consumed foods, beverages, and some Turkish dishes was used. Results are reported by food item or food group; the questionnaire does not yield a single total score.
Baseline and immediately after completion of the six-week intervention
Change in Nutrition Behavior Scale (NBS) Score
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and immediately after completion of the six-week intervention
In determining eating behaviors, the Nutrition Behavior Scale developed by Edmundson et al. (1996) and adapted for Turkish children by Öztürk (2010) was used. The scale consists of fourteen different items, each containing two different food items-low-fat, high-fat, salty, and unsalted-depicted in pictures and presented as choices, to determine children's food consumption. Students are asked to indicate which of the two comparable food items in each question item they eat more. The scale items receive a value of -1 for unhealthy food and +1 for healthy food. The total score ranges from -14 to +14. A high total score on the scale indicates a healthy eating habit. The reliability of the scale has been reported as r=0.76 (Öztürk, 2010).
Baseline and immediately after completion of the six-week intervention
Change in Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) Subscale Scores
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and immediately after completion of the six-week intervention
Developed by Wardle et al. (2001), the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) is a 35-item parent-reported instrument that assesses children's eating behaviours on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (always). It comprises eight subscales: Food Responsiveness, Emotional Overeating, Enjoyment of Food, Desire to Drink, Satiety Responsiveness, Slowness in Eating, Emotional Undereating, and Food Fussiness. Each subscale is scored separately, with higher scores indicating a greater level of the behaviour represented by that subscale. The original instrument demonstrated an eight-factor structure, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranging from 0.74 to 0.91. The Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Yılmaz et al. (2011).
Baseline and immediately after completion of the six-week intervention

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Sponsor

Uşak University

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Werkelijk)

30 september 2022

Primaire voltooiing (Werkelijk)

20 februari 2023

Studie voltooiing (Werkelijk)

30 juni 2023

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

7 juli 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

7 juli 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

13 juli 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

25 augustus 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

23 augustus 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 juli 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Aanvullende relevante MeSH-voorwaarden

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • PAU-BESEG-2026-01

Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)

Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?

NEE

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

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