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Effect of QR Code-Supported Infant Care Education on Maternal Self-Confidence, Maternal Attachment, and Infant Health in the NICU (NICU-QR)

9 augustus 2026 bijgewerkt door: Aslınur TAŞKIN GÜZELYAZICI, Ankara Medipol University

The Effect of Meleis' Transition Theory-Based QR Code-Supported Infant Care Training on Maternal Self-Confidence, Maternal Attachment, and Infant Health Among Mothers of Infants Hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of Meleis' Transitions Theory-based Quick Response (QR) code-supported infant care education on maternal self-confidence, maternal attachment, and infant health among primiparous mothers whose infants are hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group using block randomization. Mothers in the intervention group received face-to-face infant care education before discharge, a printed infant care guide containing QR codes linked to educational videos, and instructions on how to use a mobile application. Mothers in the control group received routine care and discharge education provided by the NICU. Maternal self-confidence, maternal attachment, and infant health outcomes were assessed before discharge and at one and three months after discharge. This study is expected to provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of QR code-supported infant care education in improving maternal adaptation and infant health outcomes following NICU discharge.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Voltooid

Conditie

Interventie / Behandeling

Gedetailleerde beschrijving

This randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of a Quick Response (QR) code-supported infant care education program based on Meleis' Transitions Theory on maternal self-confidence, maternal attachment, and infant health among primiparous mothers of infants hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Data were collected using the Descriptive Information Form, the Pharis Self-Confidence Scale, the Maternal Attachment Scale, and the Infant Health Assessment Form. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention (n=42) and control (n=42) groups using block randomization. Mothers in the intervention group received face-to-face infant care education based on Meleis' Transitions Theory before discharge, a printed infant care guide containing QR codes linked to educational videos, and instructions on how to use the mobile application developed for the study. Mothers in the control group received routine care and follow-up services provided by the neonatal intensive care unit. Maternal self-confidence, maternal attachment, and infant health outcomes were assessed before discharge and at one and three months after discharge. The intervention group demonstrated higher maternal self-confidence and maternal attachment scores throughout the follow-up period compared with the control group. Infants in the intervention group also showed more favorable health outcomes, including improved growth indicators, higher breastfeeding frequency, and lower rates of common health problems and hospital visits. The findings suggest that Meleis' Transitions Theory-based QR code-supported infant care education is an effective strategy for improving maternal self-confidence, maternal attachment, and infant health outcomes following NICU discharge.

Studietype

Ingrijpend

Inschrijving (Werkelijk)

84

Fase

  • Niet toepasbaar

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studie Locaties

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

  • Volwassen
  • Oudere volwassene

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Nee

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Primiparous mothers with a singleton birth,
  • Aged 18 years or older,
  • Able to read and communicate in Turkish,
  • Owning a smartphone with internet access and having sufficient digital literacy to use QR code applications,
  • No diagnosed psychiatric disorder,
  • Mothers whose infants had been hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit for at least one month,
  • Willing to participate and providing written informed consent,
  • Infants with a gestational age of ≥34 weeks,
  • Infants without life-threatening congenital, neurological, gastrointestinal, or genetic disorders requiring surgical intervention or expected to affect long-term prognosis.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Mothers who did not continue in the post-discharge follow-up period,
  • Participants whose mother or infant died (exitus) during the study period.

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

  • Primair doel: Preventie
  • Toewijzing: Gerandomiseerd
  • Interventioneel model: Parallelle opdracht
  • Masker: Geen (open label)

Wapens en interventies

Deelnemersgroep / Arm
Interventie / Behandeling
Experimenteel: QR Code-Supported Infant Care Education
Mothers received face-to-face infant care education based on Meleis' Transitions Theory before discharge, together with a printed infant care guide containing QR codes linked to educational videos and instructions for using the mobile application developed for the study. Routine neonatal intensive care unit care was also provided.
Gedragsmatig: QR Code-Supported Infant Care Education
Face-to-face infant care education based on Meleis' Transitions Theory, supported by a printed infant care guide containing QR codes linked to educational videos and a mobile application developed for the study.
Geen tussenkomst: Routine Care
Mothers received routine neonatal intensive care unit care, discharge education, and follow-up services without any additional structured infant care education.

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Maternal Self-Confidence
Tijdsspanne: Baseline (approximately 1 week before discharge and prior to the intervention), 1 month after discharge, and 3 months after discharge
Maternal self-confidence was assessed using the Pharis Self-Confidence Scale. The scale consists of 13 items, with total scores ranging from 13 to 65. Higher scores indicate higher levels of maternal self-confidence.
Baseline (approximately 1 week before discharge and prior to the intervention), 1 month after discharge, and 3 months after discharge
Maternal Attachment
Tijdsspanne: Baseline (approximately 1 week before discharge and prior to the intervention), 1 month after discharge, and 3 months after discharge
Maternal attachment was assessed using the Maternal Attachment Scale. The scale consists of 26 items, with total scores ranging from 26 to 104. Higher scores indicate higher levels of maternal attachment.
Baseline (approximately 1 week before discharge and prior to the intervention), 1 month after discharge, and 3 months after discharge
Infant Health
Tijdsspanne: Baseline (approximately 1 week before discharge and prior to the intervention), 1 month after discharge, and 3 months after discharge
Infant health assessed using the Infant Health Assessment Form, including physical growth (weight, length, and head circumference), breastfeeding, urination and stool frequency, non-breastmilk feeding, common infant health problems (gas, fever, vomiting, oral thrush, diaper rash, nasal congestion), and hospital visits
Baseline (approximately 1 week before discharge and prior to the intervention), 1 month after discharge, and 3 months after discharge

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Sponsor

Ankara Medipol University

Onderzoekers

  • Hoofdonderzoeker: Aslınur T GÜZELYAZICI, Ankara Medipol University

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Werkelijk)

2 juni 2025

Primaire voltooiing (Werkelijk)

26 februari 2026

Studie voltooiing (Werkelijk)

26 februari 2026

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

3 augustus 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

9 augustus 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

13 augustus 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

13 augustus 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

9 augustus 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 augustus 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Trefwoorden

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • AYBU-PhD-QRNICU-2026

Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)

Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?

NEE

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

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