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Single Fraction and Multifraction Arc-Based Radiotherapy for Painful Bone Metastases (SMART)

14 augustus 2026 bijgewerkt door: Balaji Subramanian Sitaraman, Oman Ministry of Health

The SMART Trial: A Randomised Feasibility Study Comparing Single Fraction and Multifraction Arc-Based Radiotherapy for Painful Bone Metastases

This prospective randomised pilot feasibility study will compare single-fraction radiotherapy (8 Gy × 1) with multifraction radiotherapy (20 Gy in 5 fractions) for the palliation of painful bone metastases. The study will evaluate pain response at 4 weeks following radiotherapy, together with feasibility, treatment compliance, toxicity, pain flare, retreatment, patient convenience and resource utilisation. The study will generate preliminary data to inform the design of a future definitive randomised trial.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Nog niet aan het werven

Conditie

Interventie / Behandeling

Gedetailleerde beschrijving

Single-fraction radiotherapy (SFRT) is an established standard treatment for palliation of painful bone metastases. However, multifraction radiotherapy (MFRT) continues to be widely used in clinical practice because of concerns regarding durability of pain control and retreatment. With the increasing use of modern arc-based radiotherapy techniques such as volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), there is a need to evaluate whether single-fraction radiotherapy can provide effective pain palliation while reducing treatment burden and improving resource utilisation.

The SMART trial is a prospective, single-centre, randomised, open-label, parallel-group pilot feasibility study comparing VMAT-based SFRT (8 Gy in 1 fraction) with VMAT-based MFRT (20 Gy in 5 fractions) in patients with painful bone metastases, including spinal metastases.

Approximately 70 participants will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive either SFRT or MFRT. Both treatment schedules will be delivered using VMAT with daily image-guided radiotherapy using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based image guidance.

Stratified block randomisation will be used according to the site of metastasis (spine versus non-spine) to maintain balance between the two treatment groups. Within each stratum, computer-generated variable block randomisation using block sizes of 4 and 6 will be used. Allocation will be concealed using sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes.

Pain will be assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS-11) and Wong-Baker FACES Pain Scale at baseline and during follow-up. Participants will be assessed at 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 12 weeks after radiotherapy.

The primary aim of this pilot study is to assess the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial at the participating tertiary oncology centre. Feasibility will include recruitment, treatment completion, follow-up completion and completeness of study data.

The primary efficacy outcome will be overall pain response at 4 weeks following radiotherapy. Secondary outcomes will include pain response at other follow-up time points, retreatment rates, pain flare, treatment-related toxicity, patient convenience and resource utilisation.

The study is not powered to provide a definitive non-inferiority conclusion. A non-inferiority margin of 15% has been prespecified to guide estimation of the treatment effect and inform the design and sample size of a future definitive randomised trial. The primary efficacy analysis will compare overall pain response between the two treatment groups using the intention-to-treat population.

The study will generate preliminary feasibility and clinical outcome data to inform the design of a future definitive randomised controlled trial evaluating single-fraction versus multifraction radiotherapy for painful bone metastases.

Studietype

Ingrijpend

Inschrijving (Geschat)

70

Fase

  • Niet toepasbaar

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studiecontact

Studie Locaties

  • Oman
    • Muḩāfaz̧at Masqaţ
      • Muscat, Muḩāfaz̧at Masqaţ, Oman, 100
        • Royal Hospital

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

  • Volwassen
  • Oudere volwassene

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Nee

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age ≥18 years
  • Histologically proven malignancy
  • Radiological evidence of bone or spine metastases
  • Pain score ≥4 on Numeric Rating Scale (NRS-11)
  • ECOG Performance Status 0-3
  • Life expectancy ≥3 months.
  • Ability to provide written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Spinal cord compression requiring emergency therapy
  • Previous radiotherapy to same site
  • Unstable pathological fracture requiring surgery
  • Pregnancy
  • Inability to provide consent
  • Oligometastatic bone metastases requiring Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT)

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

  • Primair doel: Behandeling
  • Toewijzing: Gerandomiseerd
  • Interventioneel model: Parallelle opdracht
  • Masker: Geen (open label)

Wapens en interventies

Deelnemersgroep / Arm
Interventie / Behandeling
Experimenteel: Single-Fraction Radiotherapy (SFRT)
Participants will receive VMAT-basd radiotherapy to painful none metastasis, a total dose of 8 Gy delivered in a single fraction using CBCT based imaging guidance.
Straling: Single-Fraction Radiotherapy (8Gy x 1#)
VMAT-based external beam radiotherapy planned to deliver 8 Gy in a single fraction with CBCT-based image guidance for the palliation of painful bone metastasis
Actieve vergelijker: Multifraction Radiotherapy (MFRT)
Participants will receive VMAT-basd radiotherapy to painful none metastasis, a total dose of 20Gy delivered in Five fractions using daily CBCT based imaging guidance.
Straling: Multifraction Radiotherapy (20 Gy in 5 #)
VMAT-based external beam radiotherapy planned to deliver 20 Gy in Five fractions of 4 Gy each with daily CBCT-based image guidance for the palliation of painful bone metastasis

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Percentage of target sample recruited
Tijdsspanne: From study initiation through completion of the recruitment period.
The percentage of the planned target sample successfully recruited during the recruitment period. Recruitment feasibility will be interpreted using predefined traffic-light criteria: Green ≥80% (feasibility achieved), Amber 70-79% (borderline feasibility requiring review), and Red <70% (feasibility not achieved and requiring review).
From study initiation through completion of the recruitment period.
Percentage of participants completing assigned radiotherapy
Tijdsspanne: From randomisation through completion of assigned radiotherapy.
The percentage of randomised participants who complete the assigned radiotherapy treatment according to the study protocol. Treatment completion feasibility will be interpreted using predefined traffic-light criteria: Green ≥90% (feasibility achieved), Amber 80-89% (borderline feasibility requiring review), and Red <80% (feasibility not achieved and requiring review).
From randomisation through completion of assigned radiotherapy.
Percentage of participants completing 3-month follow-up
Tijdsspanne: From randomisation through 3 months after radiotherapy.
The percentage of randomised participants who complete the required study follow-up through 3 months after radiotherapy. Follow-up feasibility will be interpreted using predefined traffic-light criteria: Green ≥80% (feasibility achieved), Amber 70-79% (borderline feasibility requiring review), and Red <70% (feasibility not achieved and requiring review).
From randomisation through 3 months after radiotherapy.
Percentage of participants with complete required study data
Tijdsspanne: From study initiation through 3 months after radiotherapy.
The percentage of participants with complete required study data according to the study data collection requirements. Data completeness will be interpreted using predefined traffic-light criteria: Green ≥90% (feasibility achieved), Amber 80-89% (borderline feasibility requiring review), and Red <80% (feasibility not achieved and requiring review).
From study initiation through 3 months after radiotherapy.
Percentage of participants with major protocol deviations
Tijdsspanne: From randomisation through 3 months after radiotherapy.
The percentage of participants with major protocol deviations during the study. A major protocol deviation is a significant departure from the study protocol that may affect participant safety, treatment allocation, assessment of the primary outcome, or validity of the study results. Protocol adherence will be interpreted using predefined traffic-light criteria: Green <10% major protocol deviations (feasibility achieved), Amber 10-20% (borderline feasibility requiring review), and Red >20% (feasibility not achieved and requiring review).
From randomisation through 3 months after radiotherapy.

Secundaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Percentage of participants achieving overall pain response at 4 weeks.
Tijdsspanne: 4 weeks after radiotherapy
Overall pain response will be assessed using the NRS-11 and analgesic use. Pain response is defined as a reduction of at least 2 points in pain from baseline with no escalation in analgesic use. The percentage of participants achieving pain response will be compared between the SFRT and MFRT groups.
4 weeks after radiotherapy
Percentage of participants requiring retreatment
Tijdsspanne: From completion of radiotherapy through 3 months after radiotherapy
The percentage of participants requiring repeat radiotherapy to the treated sitefor persisten or recurrence of pain will be recorded and compared between the SFRT and MFRT groups.
From completion of radiotherapy through 3 months after radiotherapy
Percentage of participants experiencing pain flare
Tijdsspanne: From completion of radiotherapy through 10 days after radiotherapy.
Pain flare following radiotherapy will be recorded and compared between the SFRT and MFRT groups. Pain flare is defined as increase in NRS pain score by ≥2 points without reduction in analgesic use, or Increase in analgesic requirement by ≥25% without improvement in pain score, followed by return to the baseline pain level or analgesic requirement within 10 days after radiotherapy.
From completion of radiotherapy through 10 days after radiotherapy.
Percentage of participants achieving overall pain response at 2 weeks and 3 months
Tijdsspanne: 2 weeks and 3 months after radiotherapy
Overall pain response will be assessed using the NRS-11 and analgesic use. Pain response is defined as a reduction of at least 2 points in pain from baseline with no escalation in analgesic use. The percentage of participants achieving pain response will be recorded at 2 weeks and 3 months after radiotherapy and compared between the SFRT and MFRT groups.
2 weeks and 3 months after radiotherapy
Change in analgesic requirement from baseline
Tijdsspanne: At 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 3 months after radiotherapy
Change in analgesic requirement from baseline will be assessed using the patient's analgesic consumption and expressed as oral morphine equivalent dose (OMED). The change in analgesic requirement will be recorded and compared between the SFRT and MFRT groups.
At 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 3 months after radiotherapy

Andere uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Number of participants receiving radiotherapy to new painful metastatic sites
Tijdsspanne: From completion of radiotherapy through 3 months after radiotherapy
The number of participants who receive radiotherapy to new painful metastatic sites during the 3-month follow-up period will be recorded descriptively. This outcome reflects the occurrence of new painful metastatic disease during follow-up and is not intended to assess the efficacy of SFRT versus MFRT.
From completion of radiotherapy through 3 months after radiotherapy

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Sponsor

Oman Ministry of Health

Medewerkers

Royal Hospital, Oman

Onderzoekers

  • Hoofdonderzoeker: Balaji Subramanian Sitaraman, MBBS, DNB, Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Oman

Publicaties en nuttige links

De persoon die verantwoordelijk is voor het invoeren van informatie over het onderzoek stelt deze publicaties vrijwillig ter beschikking. Dit kan gaan over alles wat met het onderzoek te maken heeft.

Algemene publicaties

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Geschat)

1 september 2026

Primaire voltooiing (Geschat)

1 december 2027

Studie voltooiing (Geschat)

30 december 2027

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

8 augustus 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

14 augustus 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

19 augustus 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

19 augustus 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

14 augustus 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 augustus 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Trefwoorden

Aanvullende relevante MeSH-voorwaarden

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • MoH/CSR/26/32133

Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)

Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?

NEE

Beschrijving IPD-plan

Individual participant data will not be routinely shared with other researchers. The study is a single-center feasibility study, and the collected data will be used for the approved study objectives and institutional research purposes. Any data sharing, if required in the future, will be considered in accordance with institutional policies, ethical approval, participant confidentiality, and applicable regulations.

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

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