Water-Inertia-Based Dynamic Stability Training for Balance and Postural Control in Healthy Young Women
10 september 2026 bijgewerkt door: Yuanyan Huang
Effects of Water-Inertia-Based Dynamic Stability Training on Dynamic Balance and Single-Leg Postural Control in Healthy Young Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
This randomized controlled study evaluated the effects of a 10-week dynamic stability training program using a mobile water load compared with a mass-matched stable load in healthy young women.
Thirty participants were randomly assigned to either water-inertia-based unstable-load training or stable-load training.
Both groups completed the same supervised exercises three times per week, using vests with the same total external mass; the main difference between groups was whether the load inside the vest was mobile or stable.
Outcomes were assessed before training, after 5 weeks, and after 10 weeks.
The study evaluated dynamic balance, postural sway during single-leg stance, and other physical-performance outcomes to determine whether mobile water loading produced different training adaptations from stable loading.
Studie Overzicht
Toestand
Voltooid
Conditie
Gedetailleerde beschrijving
This study was designed to examine whether dynamic stability training performed with a mobile water-based external load produces different physical and postural adaptations from the same training performed with a mass-matched stable external load in healthy young women. The study used a randomized, parallel-group design.
Healthy female university students aged 19-25 years who had not participated in resistance training during the previous 12 months were recruited. After baseline assessment, 30 eligible participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to an unstable-load training group or a stable-load training group.
Both groups completed the same supervised dynamic stability training program three times per week for 10 weeks, for a total of 30 training sessions. Each session lasted approximately 50 minutes. The exercise content, training frequency, session duration, set-repetition structure, rest intervals, vest mass, and any additional prescribed exercise loads were matched between groups. During the main training block, participants completed three sets of each exercise, with 12 repetitions per set during weeks 1-5 and 15 repetitions per set during weeks 6-10.
The unstable-load group trained while wearing an Aqua Vest containing a total external load of 5 kg, consisting of approximately 4 kg of water and a 1-kg vest. Because the water pouches were partially filled, the internal water could move during exercise and change the distribution of the external load. The stable-load group wore a mass-matched weighted vest containing approximately 4 kg of steel rods and a 1-kg vest. The steel rods were arranged to approximate the spatial distribution of the water pouches. Thus, the primary experimental difference between groups was the mobility of the external load rather than total vest mass or prescribed exercise content.
Assessments were conducted at baseline, after 5 weeks of training, and after 10 weeks of training. Dynamic postural control was evaluated using the Y-Balance Test. Participants completed reaching tasks in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions while standing on one limb. The maximum valid reach distance in each direction was retained and normalized to limb length, and a composite score was also calculated.
Postural sway was evaluated during single-leg stance using force-platform-derived center-of-pressure measures under eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions. Eyes-open trials lasted 30 seconds and eyes-closed trials lasted 20 seconds. Center-of-pressure outcomes included total path distance and direction-specific root-mean-square displacement in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions.
The broader study protocol also included lower-extremity physical-performance assessments. The registration record is intended to describe the original study protocol and design; individual publications arising from the study may focus on specific subsets of the collected outcomes.
The purpose of the comparison was to determine whether introducing load mobility through a water-filled vest, while keeping the prescribed exercise program and external mass closely matched, resulted in different adaptations from training with a stable weighted vest.
Studietype
Ingrijpend
Inschrijving (Werkelijk)
30
Fase
- Niet toepasbaar
Contacten en locaties
In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.
Studie Locaties
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Busan, Zuid -Korea
- Busan University of Foreign Studies
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Deelname Criteria
Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.
Geschiktheidscriteria
Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie
- Volwassen
Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers
Ja
Beschrijving
Inclusion Criteria:
- Female undergraduate students aged 19 to 25 years.
- Generally healthy at the time of enrollment.
- No surgery within the previous 6 months.
- No congenital, neurological, vestibular, or musculoskeletal disorder affecting the foot, pelvis, or spine.
- No participation in resistance training during the previous 12 months. Able and willing to participate in the 10-week supervised exercise intervention and study assessments.
- Provided written informed consent to participate.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Did not meet any of the inclusion criteria.
- Participated in resistance training or functional training outside the study intervention during the 10-week study period.
- Developed a health condition, injury, or other circumstance during the study that prevented safe participation in the prescribed exercise program or outcome assessments.
Studie plan
Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.
Hoe is de studie opgezet?
Ontwerpdetails
- Primair doel: Ander
- Toewijzing: Gerandomiseerd
- Interventioneel model: Parallelle opdracht
- Masker: Enkel
Wapens en interventies
Deelnemersgroep / Arm |
Interventie / Behandeling |
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Experimenteel: Water-Inertia-Based Unstable-Load Training
Participants assigned to this arm completed a supervised 10-week dynamic stability training program three times per week while wearing an Aqua Vest with a total external load of 5 kg, consisting of approximately 4 kg of water and a 1-kg vest.
The partially filled water pouches allowed internal water movement during exercise, creating a mobile external load.
Exercise content, session duration, set-repetition structure, rest intervals, and any additional prescribed exercise loads were matched to the stable-load training arm.
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Participants completed a supervised dynamic stability training program three times per week for 10 weeks (30 sessions), with each session lasting approximately 50 minutes.
During training, participants wore a vest providing a total external load of 5 kg, consisting of approximately 4 kg of water in partially filled pouches and a 1-kg vest.
Internal water movement allowed the external load distribution to change during exercise.
Exercises were performed for three sets, with 12 repetitions per set during weeks 1-5 and 15 repetitions per set during weeks 6-10, with 30 seconds of rest between sets.
Exercise content and any additional prescribed implement loads were matched to the stable-load intervention.
Andere namen:
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Actieve vergelijker: Stable-Load Training
Participants assigned to this arm completed the same supervised 10-week dynamic stability training program three times per week while wearing a mass-matched stable weighted vest with a total external load of 5 kg, consisting of approximately 4 kg of steel rods and a 1-kg vest.
The steel rods were arranged to approximate the spatial loading configuration of the water pouches.
Exercise content, session duration, set-repetition structure, rest intervals, and any additional prescribed exercise loads were matched to the unstable-load training arm.
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Participants completed the same supervised dynamic stability training program three times per week for 10 weeks (30 sessions), with each session lasting approximately 50 minutes.
During training, participants wore a stable weighted vest providing a total external load of 5 kg, consisting of approximately 4 kg of steel rods and a 1-kg vest.
The steel rods were arranged to approximate the spatial loading configuration of the water pouches used in the water-inertia intervention.
Exercises were performed for three sets, with 12 repetitions per set during weeks 1-5 and 15 repetitions per set during weeks 6-10, with 30 seconds of rest between sets.
Exercise content and any additional prescribed implement loads were matched between groups.
Andere namen:
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Wat meet het onderzoek?
Primaire uitkomstmaten
Uitkomstmaat |
Maatregel Beschrijving |
Tijdsspanne |
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Normalized Anterior Reach Distance on the Y-Balance Test
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Dynamic postural control was assessed using the lower-quarter Y-Balance Test.
Participants performed three valid anterior reach trials while maintaining single-leg stance.
The maximum reach distance was retained and normalized to the corresponding limb length: normalized reach distance (%) = maximum reach distance / limb length × 100.
Higher values indicate greater normalized reach performance.
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Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Normalized Posteromedial Reach Distance on the Y-Balance Test
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Participants performed three valid posteromedial reach trials during the lower-quarter Y-Balance Test.
The maximum reach distance was retained and normalized to the corresponding limb length: normalized reach distance (%) = maximum reach distance / limb length × 100.
Higher values indicate greater normalized reach performance.
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Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Normalized Posterolateral Reach Distance on the Y-Balance Test
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Participants performed three valid posterolateral reach trials during the lower-quarter Y-Balance Test.
The maximum reach distance was retained and normalized to the corresponding limb length: normalized reach distance (%) = maximum reach distance / limb length × 100.
Higher values indicate greater normalized reach performance.
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Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Y-Balance Test Composite Score
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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The composite score was calculated from the maximum valid anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral reach distances normalized to limb length: composite score (%) = (maximum anterior + maximum posteromedial + maximum posterolateral reach distance) / (3 × limb length) × 100.
Higher values indicate greater overall Y-Balance Test performance.
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Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Center-of-Pressure Total Distance During Eyes-Open Single-Leg Stance
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Postural sway was assessed using a force platform during 30-second eyes-open single-leg stance.
Total CoP distance (cm) represented the cumulative path length of the center-of-pressure trajectory during each valid trial.
Three trial-specific values were averaged for analysis.
Lower values represent a shorter CoP trajectory during the test condition.
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Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Anteroposterior CoP RMS During Eyes-Open Single-Leg Stance
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Anteroposterior root-mean-square (AP RMS) displacement of the center of pressure was calculated during 30-second eyes-open single-leg stance and expressed in centimeters.
AP RMS represents the dispersion of CoP displacement about its mean position in the anteroposterior direction.
Three trial-specific values were averaged for analysis.
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Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Mediolateral CoP RMS During Eyes-Open Single-Leg Stance
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Mediolateral root-mean-square (ML RMS) displacement of the center of pressure was calculated during 30-second eyes-open single-leg stance and expressed in centimeters.
ML RMS represents the dispersion of CoP displacement about its mean position in the mediolateral direction.
Three trial-specific values were averaged for analysis.
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Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Center-of-Pressure Total Distance During Eyes-Closed Single-Leg Stance
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Postural sway was assessed using a force platform during 20-second eyes-closed single-leg stance.
Total CoP distance (cm) represented the cumulative path length of the center-of-pressure trajectory during each valid trial.
Three trial-specific values were averaged for analysis.
Lower values represent a shorter CoP trajectory during the test condition.
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Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Anteroposterior CoP RMS During Eyes-Closed Single-Leg Stance
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Anteroposterior root-mean-square (AP RMS) displacement of the center of pressure was calculated during 20-second eyes-closed single-leg stance and expressed in centimeters.
AP RMS represents the dispersion of CoP displacement about its mean position in the anteroposterior direction.
Three trial-specific values were averaged for analysis.
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Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Mediolateral CoP RMS During Eyes-Closed Single-Leg Stance
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Mediolateral root-mean-square (ML RMS) displacement of the center of pressure was calculated during 20-second eyes-closed single-leg stance and expressed in centimeters.
ML RMS represents the dispersion of CoP displacement about its mean position in the mediolateral direction.
Three trial-specific values were averaged for analysis.
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Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Knee Extension Peak Torque Relative to Body Weight at 60°/s
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Concentric knee extension strength was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer at an angular velocity of 60°/s.
Peak torque was normalized to body weight and expressed as a percentage of body weight (PT/BW, %).
Higher values indicate greater knee extensor torque relative to body weight.
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Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Knee Flexion Peak Torque Relative to Body Weight at 60°/s
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Concentric knee flexion strength was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer at an angular velocity of 60°/s.
Peak torque was normalized to body weight and expressed as a percentage of body weight (PT/BW, %).
Higher values indicate greater knee flexor torque relative to body weight.
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Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Ankle Inversion Peak Torque Relative to Body Weight at 60°/s
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Concentric ankle inversion strength was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer at an angular velocity of 60°/s.
Peak torque was normalized to body weight and expressed as a percentage of body weight (PT/BW, %).
Higher values indicate greater inversion torque relative to body weight.
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Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Ankle Eversion Peak Torque Relative to Body Weight at 60°/s
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Concentric ankle eversion strength was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer at an angular velocity of 60°/s.
Peak torque was normalized to body weight and expressed as a percentage of body weight (PT/BW, %).
Higher values indicate greater eversion torque relative to body weight.
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Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Ankle Inversion Peak Torque Relative to Body Weight at 120°/s
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Concentric ankle inversion strength was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer at an angular velocity of 120°/s.
Peak torque was normalized to body weight and expressed as a percentage of body weight (PT/BW, %).
Higher values indicate greater inversion torque relative to body weight.
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Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Ankle Eversion Peak Torque Relative to Body Weight at 120°/s
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Concentric ankle eversion strength was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer at an angular velocity of 120°/s.
Peak torque was normalized to body weight and expressed as a percentage of body weight (PT/BW, %).
Higher values indicate greater eversion torque relative to body weight.
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Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Andere uitkomstmaten
Uitkomstmaat |
Maatregel Beschrijving |
Tijdsspanne |
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Knee Extension Test Range of Motion at 60°/s
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Range of motion recorded by the isokinetic dynamometer during the knee extension test performed at 60°/s, expressed in degrees.
This measure represents the angular range recorded during the corresponding isokinetic testing condition.
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Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Knee Flexion Test Range of Motion at 60°/s
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Range of motion recorded by the isokinetic dynamometer during the knee flexion test performed at 60°/s, expressed in degrees.
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Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Ankle Inversion Test Range of Motion at 60°/s
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Range of motion recorded by the isokinetic dynamometer during the inversion test performed at 60°/s, expressed in degrees.
This measure represents the angular range recorded during the corresponding isokinetic testing condition.
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Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Ankle Eversion Test Range of Motion at 60°/s
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Range of motion recorded by the isokinetic dynamometer during the eversion test performed at 60°/s, expressed in degrees.
This measure represents the angular range recorded during the corresponding isokinetic testing condition.
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Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Ankle Inversion Test Range of Motion at 120°/s
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Range of motion recorded by the isokinetic dynamometer during the inversion test performed at 120°/s, expressed in degrees.
This measure represents the angular range recorded during the corresponding isokinetic testing condition.
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Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Ankle Eversion Test Range of Motion at 120°/s
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Range of motion recorded by the isokinetic dynamometer during the eversion test performed at 120°/s, expressed in degrees.
This measure represents the angular range recorded during the corresponding isokinetic testing condition.
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Baseline, Week 5, and Week 10
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Medewerkers en onderzoekers
Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.
Sponsor
Studie record data
Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.
Bestudeer belangrijke data
Studie start (Werkelijk)
5 juli 2024
Primaire voltooiing (Werkelijk)
20 september 2024
Studie voltooiing (Werkelijk)
20 september 2024
Studieregistratiedata
Eerst ingediend
4 september 2026
Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria
4 september 2026
Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)
10 september 2026
Updates van studierecords
Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)
14 september 2026
Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria
10 september 2026
Laatst geverifieerd
1 september 2026
Meer informatie
Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie
Trefwoorden
Andere studie-ID-nummers
- 2024-0666-001
- P01-202407-01-004 (Andere identificatie: Public Institutional Bioethics Committee, Republic of Korea)
Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)
Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?
JA
Beschrijving IPD-plan
De-identified individual participant data that support the findings of the study may be shared with qualified researchers upon reasonable request, subject to applicable ethical and data-protection requirements.
IPD-tijdsbestek voor delen
Beginning after publication of the primary study results, with no predetermined end date.
IPD-toegangscriteria voor delen
De-identified individual participant data may be shared with qualified researchers upon reasonable request for scientifically appropriate purposes.
Requests should include a brief research proposal and planned analyses and will be reviewed for ethical, privacy, and data-protection considerations.
Approved data will be provided by the study investigator.
IPD delen Ondersteunend informatietype
- LEERPROTOCOOL
Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten
Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel
Nee
Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct
Nee
Deze informatie is zonder wijzigingen rechtstreeks van de website clinicaltrials.gov gehaald. Als u verzoeken heeft om uw onderzoeksgegevens te wijzigen, te verwijderen of bij te werken, neem dan contact op met register@clinicaltrials.gov. Zodra er een wijziging wordt doorgevoerd op clinicaltrials.gov, wordt deze ook automatisch bijgewerkt op onze website .