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Effects of a Digital Game-Based Educational Intervention on Midwifery Students' Perceptions of Respectful Maternity Care and Empathy

7 november 2026 bijgewerkt door: Sule Gokyildiz Surucu, Cukurova University

Evaluation of the Effect of a Digital Game-Based Instructional Design Developed for Respectful Maternity Care on Students' Perceptions of Respectful Maternity Care and Empathy Skills

This study aims to evaluate the effects of a digital game-based educational intervention developed to teach respectful maternity care on midwifery students' perceptions of respectful maternity care and empathy skills.

The study is designed as an interventional study involving fourth-year midwifery students. Participants will be assigned to an intervention group or a control group according to the study protocol. Students in the intervention group will receive digital game-based education focusing on respectful maternity care, including effective communication, informed decision-making, privacy, dignity, and supportive care during childbirth. Students in the control group will not receive the digital game-based intervention during the study period.

Participants' perceptions of respectful maternity care and empathy skills will be assessed before and after the intervention using the measurement instruments specified in the study protocol.

The findings are expected to provide evidence regarding the potential contribution of digital game-based education to respectful maternity care training in midwifery education.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Nog niet aan het werven

Conditie

Interventie / Behandeling

Gedetailleerde beschrijving

This study employs a mixed-methods design and consists of three phases.

Phase 1 - Digital Game Development

A web-based digital educational game focusing on respectful maternity care will be developed based on the World Health Organization recommendations on intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience, the International Confederation of Midwives' principles of respectful care, the White Ribbon Alliance Respectful Maternity Care Charter, and relevant FIGO guidelines.

The game will consist of four levels covering admission, labor, birth, and postpartum care. Each level will include scenario-based clinical situations, decision-making options, and immediate feedback. Content validity will be evaluated through expert review, and the game will be finalized following pilot testing.

Phase 2 - Randomized Controlled Trial

Fourth-year midwifery students enrolled at Cukurova University Faculty of Health Sciences will be randomly allocated to an intervention group (n=49) or a control group (n=49). Simple randomization will be performed using randomizer.org by an independent statistician.

The sample size was calculated using G\*Power software, assuming an effect size of 0.5, a significance level of 0.05, and a statistical power of 80%, with an additional 10% allowance for potential data loss.

The intervention group will receive digital game-based education on respectful maternity care. The control group will receive traditional face-to-face education delivered through a PowerPoint presentation covering the same educational content. Following completion of the posttest assessments, students in the control group will also be offered access to the digital game-based education.

Outcome measures will be assessed before and immediately after the educational intervention.

Phase 3 - Qualitative Interviews

Qualitative interviews will be conducted with students from the intervention group to explore their experiences and perceptions of digital game-based learning.

Statistical Analysis

Quantitative data will be analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. The Shapiro-Wilk test will be used to assess normality. Depending on the distribution of the data, independent-samples and paired-samples t-tests or their nonparametric alternatives (Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests) will be applied. Statistical significance will be set at p < 0.05.

Studietype

Ingrijpend

Inschrijving (Geschat)

98

Fase

  • Niet toepasbaar

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studiecontact

Studie Contact Back-up

Studie Locaties

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

18 jaar en ouder (Volwassen, Oudere volwassene)

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Ja

Geslachten die in aanmerking komen voor studie

Allemaal

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Volunteering to participate in the study
  • Being a fourth-year midwifery student
  • Having passed the Birth Knowledge IV course

Exclusion Criteria:

- Being a first-, second- or third-year midwifery student

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

  • Primair doel: Ander
  • Toewijzing: Gerandomiseerd
  • Interventioneel model: Parallelle opdracht
  • Masker: Geen (open label)

Wapens en interventies

Deelnemersgroep / Arm
Interventie / Behandeling
Experimenteel: Digital Game-Based Education

Fourth-year midwifery students will receive education on respectful childbirth care through a web-based digital game consisting of four levels (admission, labor, birth and postpartum care) with scenario-based clinical situations, decision-making options and immediate feedback.
Gedragsmatig: Digital Game-Based Education on Respectful Maternity Care

A web-based digital educational game on respectful childbirth care consisting of four levels (admission, labor, birth and postpartum care). Each level includes scenario-based clinical situations in which students choose the most appropriate approach and receive immediate feedback.
Actieve vergelijker: Traditional Education

Fourth-year midwifery students will receive face-to-face education on respectful childbirth care using a PowerPoint presentation covering the same content as the digital game. After the posttest, students in this group will also be offered the digital game-based education.
Gedragsmatig: Traditional Education on Respectful Maternity Care

Face-to-face lecture on respectful childbirth care delivered with a PowerPoint presentation, covering the same content as the digital game.

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Students' Perceptions of Respectful Maternity Care (SP-RMC) Scale Score
Tijdsspanne: Baseline (before the education) and immediately after the education

Measured with the Students' Perceptions of Respectful Maternity Care (SP-RMC) Scale developed by Dhakal et al.; Turkish validity and reliability study by Camlibel and Uludag (2023). The scale consists of 18 items and three subscales (respectful care, safety and comfort, supportive care) rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree); items 1-10 are reverse-scored. Total scores range from 18 to 90; higher scores indicate more positive perceptions of respectful maternity care.
Baseline (before the education) and immediately after the education

Secundaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline (before the education) and immediately after the education

Measured with the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) developed by Hojat (2002); Turkish version: "Jefferson Empati Olcegi" (Yanik and Saygili, 2013). The scale consists of 20 items and three subscales (perspective taking, compassionate care, standing in the patient's shoes) rated on a 7-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree). Total scores range from 20 to 140; higher scores indicate a higher level of empathy.
Baseline (before the education) and immediately after the education
Respectful Childbirth Care Knowledge Form Score
Tijdsspanne: Baseline (before the education) and immediately after the education

Measured with the Respectful Childbirth Care Knowledge Form ("Saygili Dogum Bakimina Iliskin Bilgi Formu") developed by the researchers based on WHO, ICM, White Ribbon Alliance and FIGO guidelines. The form consists of 41 statements answered as "Yes/No"; correct answers are scored 1 and incorrect or blank answers 0. Total scores range from 0 to 41; higher scores indicate a higher level of knowledge. Content validity will be assessed by at least five academic experts in women's health and childbirth.
Baseline (before the education) and immediately after the education
Gameful Experience Scale (GAMEX) Score
Tijdsspanne: Immediately after the education

Measured with the Gameful Experience Scale (GAMEX) developed by Eppmann et al. (2018); Turkish version: "Oyun Deneyimi Olcegi" (Donmez et al.). The scale consists of 27 items and six subscales (enjoyment, absorption, creative thinking, activation, absence of negative affect, dominance) rated on a 5-point Likert scale; items of the absence of negative affect subscale are reverse-scored. Total scores range from 27 to 135; higher scores indicate a better gameful experience. Applied only to the intervention group.
Immediately after the education

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Sponsor

Cukurova University

Onderzoekers

  • Studie directeur: Sule Gokyildiz Surucu, PhD, Cukurova University

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Geschat)

1 februari 2027

Primaire voltooiing (Geschat)

1 juni 2027

Studie voltooiing (Geschat)

1 december 2028

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

7 november 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

7 november 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

13 november 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

13 november 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

7 november 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 november 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Trefwoorden

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • 05.06.2026/167-47

Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)

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NEE

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

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