The Role of Platelet-rich Plasma Local Injection as Treatment in Improvement of Pilonidal Sinus Surgery Outcomes

Pilonidal sinus disease is a chronic inflammatory condition of the skin and subcutaneous tissue that typically arises from hair follicles in the natal cleft of the sacrococcygeal region. The aetiology is debated but theorised to be a result of either the obstruction and subsequent inflammation of hair follicles, or acquired from hair penetrating through the skin into subcutaneous tissue.

It is a common problem affecting 26/100,000 of the general population, with an incidence of 1.1% in young adult males. It is a troublesome disease for patients, with negative impact on quality of life, mood, employment and self-image. It also results in a significant burden for the healthcare service, with high rates of recurrence and readmission following surgery. Definitive surgical management of Pilonidal sinus disease is challenging and remains a contentious issue. The aim of surgery is for the complete excision of affected tissue followed by prompt wound healing with a minimal recurrence rate. Numerous surgical procedures have been described for this purpose without a clear consensus on an optimal approach . Following excision, options for dealing with the resulting defect include healing by secondary intention, midline primary closure or lateral closure by a variety of flap techniques. The use of Platelet-rich plasma involves a complex network of molecular events which accelerate tissue regeneration due to its richness in growth factors plus a variety of biologic mediators. Platelet-rich plasma is an autologous product studied since the late 70s. It has been used in plastic and orthopedic surgery. It has a high concentration of platelets and growth factors (VEGF, PDGF, IGF-1, EGF). Platelets are activated and the suspension is applied to the desired location, stimulating vascular proliferation and promoting tissue healing. Platelet-rich plasma has more concentrated platelets than normal plasma (approximately 150-400×103 cell/dL). The presence of GFs in Platelet-rich plasma such as transforming growth factor-β, insulin-like growth factor1 co-stimulate the stem cells and fibroblasts secretions and promotes the fibrin matrix formation which effectively drive the healing process, induces regenerative response and lead to the damage structure repair in recovery of Pilonidal sinus disease disease. The aim of the present study is to find How Platelet-rich plasma treatment improves postoperative recovery in patients with pilonidal sinus disease.