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Hypertonic Saline Inhalation for Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease (HiNTM)

10 de junho de 2026 atualizado por: Sheng-Wei Pan, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Early Versus Delayed Hypertonic Saline Inhalation in Treatment-Naïve Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease

This multicenter randomized controlled trial evaluates the clinical and microbiological effects of inhaled 3% hypertonic saline in treatment-naïve patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD). Participants are randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either early initiation of 3% hypertonic saline for 6 months or delayed initiation consisting of normal saline inhalation during the first 3 months followed by 3% hypertonic saline during the subsequent 3 months.

The primary objective is to compare respiratory symptom improvement between hypertonic saline and normal saline at Month 3. Secondary objectives include evaluating sputum microbiological outcomes, radiographic changes, inflammatory markers, small airway function, treatment initiation, safety, and within-participant changes before and after switching from normal saline to hypertonic saline in the delayed-initiation arm.

The first participant was enrolled on October 3, 2025.

Visão geral do estudo

Status

Recrutamento

Condições

Intervenção / Tratamento

Descrição detalhada

Nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD) is a chronic pulmonary infection that frequently progresses despite conservative management. Because prolonged multidrug antibiotic therapy is associated with substantial treatment burden, potential toxicity, and variable effectiveness, additional non-antibiotic treatment strategies are needed, particularly for patients who defer, cannot tolerate, or are not yet indicated for antibiotic treatment.

Hypertonic saline inhalation facilitates airway clearance and sputum removal and has been increasingly used as an adjunctive treatment in specialized NTM centers. However, prospective randomized data remain limited, particularly in Asian populations.

This multicenter randomized controlled trial investigates whether early initiation of inhaled 3% hypertonic saline improves respiratory symptoms and microbiological outcomes compared with delayed initiation.

To ensure treatment safety, all participants undergo a supervised inhalation tolerance assessment before randomization. During this assessment, inhaled salbutamol (Ventolin) premedication is administered, followed by inhalation of 3% hypertonic saline. Participants demonstrating clinically significant intolerance, severe bronchospasm, or other safety concerns are excluded from study treatment.

Following successful completion of the tolerance assessment, participants are randomized to one of two groups.

The early-initiation group receives inhaled 3% hypertonic saline for 6 months. The delayed-initiation group receives inhaled normal saline during Months 0-3, followed by inhaled 3% hypertonic saline during Months 4-6.

The primary randomized comparison is performed at Month 3 between participants receiving hypertonic saline and those receiving normal saline. Additional analyses evaluate within-participant changes in the delayed-initiation arm before and after switching from normal saline to hypertonic saline.

Throughout the study, participants continue routine clinical care. Initiation of anti-NTM antibiotic treatment remains at the discretion of the treating physician.

Tipo de estudo

Intervencional

Inscrição (Estimado)

262

Estágio

  • Não aplicável

Contactos e Locais

Esta seção fornece os detalhes de contato para aqueles que conduzem o estudo e informações sobre onde este estudo está sendo realizado.

Contato de estudo

Estude backup de contato

Locais de estudo

  • Taiwan
      • Taipei, Taiwan, 11217
        • Recrutamento
        • Taipei Veterans General Hospital
        • Contato:

Critérios de participação

Os pesquisadores procuram pessoas que se encaixem em uma determinada descrição, chamada de critérios de elegibilidade. Alguns exemplos desses critérios são a condição geral de saúde de uma pessoa ou tratamentos anteriores.

Critérios de elegibilidade

Idades elegíveis para estudo

  • Adulto
  • Adulto mais velho

Aceita Voluntários Saudáveis

Não

Descrição

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Adults aged 18 years or older.
  2. Diagnosis of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD) according to ATS/ERS/ESCMID/IDSA diagnostic criteria, including compatible clinical symptoms, radiographic findings, and microbiological evidence.
  3. Not receiving anti-NTM antibiotic treatment at the time of screening.
  4. Able and willing to provide written informed consent.
  5. Able to perform nebulized inhalation therapy using a mesh nebulizer at home.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Active tuberculosis.
  2. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
  3. Receiving active treatment for malignancy.
  4. Uncontrolled asthma.
  5. Frequent or clinically significant hemoptysis.
  6. History of intolerance, bronchospasm, or hypersensitivity during inhalation testing with hypertonic saline.
  7. Inability to prepare a mesh nebulizer or perform inhalation therapy at home.
  8. Any condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would make participation unsafe or interfere with study participation.

Plano de estudo

Esta seção fornece detalhes do plano de estudo, incluindo como o estudo é projetado e o que o estudo está medindo.

Como o estudo é projetado?

Detalhes do projeto

  • Finalidade Principal: Tratamento
  • Alocação: Randomizado
  • Modelo Intervencional: Atribuição Paralela
  • Mascaramento: Nenhum (rótulo aberto)

Armas e Intervenções

Grupo de Participantes / Braço
Intervenção / Tratamento
Experimental: Early Hypertonic Saline Initiation
Participants receive nebulized 3% hypertonic saline (5 mL once daily via mesh nebulizer) for 6 months in addition to standard clinical care. Anti-NTM antibiotic treatment may be initiated at the discretion of the treating physician according to clinical indications.
Medicamento: Nebulized 3% Hypertonic Saline
Nebulized 3% hypertonic saline, 5 mL once daily via mesh nebulizer. Administered during Months 0-6 in the early-initiation arm and during Months 4-6 in the delayed-initiation arm after completion of the Month 3 assessment.
Comparador Ativo: Delayed Hypertonic Saline Initiation
Participants receive nebulized normal saline (5 mL once daily via mesh nebulizer) during Months 0-3, followed by nebulized 3% hypertonic saline during Months 4-6, in addition to standard clinical care. Anti-NTM antibiotic treatment may be initiated at the discretion of the treating physician according to clinical indications.
Medicamento: Nebulized 3% Hypertonic Saline
Nebulized 3% hypertonic saline, 5 mL once daily via mesh nebulizer. Administered during Months 0-6 in the early-initiation arm and during Months 4-6 in the delayed-initiation arm after completion of the Month 3 assessment.
Medicamento: Nebulized Normal Saline
Nebulized 0.9% normal saline, 5 mL once daily via mesh nebulizer during Months 0-3 in the delayed-initiation arm.

O que o estudo está medindo?

Medidas de resultados primários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Change in Total Respiratory Severity Score (RSS) From Baseline to Month 3
Prazo: Baseline and Month 3
Total Respiratory Severity Score (RSS) ranges from 0 to 60 and is calculated from six visual analog scales evaluating cough, sputum production, dyspnea, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and overall respiratory symptoms. Higher scores indicate worse symptoms.
Baseline and Month 3

Medidas de resultados secundários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Change in Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) Sputum Smear Grade Over Time
Prazo: Baseline, Month 3, and Month 6
AFB sputum smear grade assessed using standard semi-quantitative microscopy (negative, scanty, 1+, 2+, 3+, or 4+) at Baseline, Month 3, and Month 6. Changes in smear grade and the proportion of participants achieving smear negativity will be evaluated.
Baseline, Month 3, and Month 6
Change in Mycobacterial Sputum Culture Status Over Time
Prazo: Baseline, Month 3, and Month 6
Sputum culture status assessed as positive or negative for nontuberculous mycobacteria using standard mycobacterial culture methods at Baseline, Month 3, and Month 6. Culture conversion is defined as a change from positive at baseline to negative at follow-up assessments.
Baseline, Month 3, and Month 6
Change in Radiographic Severity Score From Baseline to Month 6
Prazo: Baseline and Month 6
Radiographic Severity Score assessed using a chest radiographic scoring system. Each lung is divided into three areas. The extent of infiltration in each area is scored from 0 to 3, resulting in a total score ranging from 0 to 18. Higher scores indicate more extensive pulmonary disease.
Baseline and Month 6
Change in Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) From Baseline to Month 6
Prazo: Baseline and Month 6
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) will be measured using a standard clinical laboratory assay. Higher values indicate greater systemic inflammation.
Baseline and Month 6
Change in R5-R20 Measured by Impulse Oscillometry From Baseline to Month 6
Prazo: Baseline and Month 6
R5-R20 measured by impulse oscillometry (IOS). R5 represents total airway resistance and R20 represents central airway resistance. The difference between R5 and R20 (R5-R20) reflects small airway dysfunction. Higher values indicate greater small airway impairment.
Baseline and Month 6
Change in Post-Bronchodilator FEV1 (% Predicted) From Baseline to Month 6
Prazo: Baseline and Month 6
Post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), expressed as percent predicted, measured using standardized spirometry according to ATS/ERS recommendations. Higher values indicate better lung function.
Baseline and Month 6
Anti-NTM Treatment Initiation
Prazo: Up to Month 6
Proportion of Participants Requiring Anti-NTM Antibiotic Treatment
Up to Month 6
Adverse Events
Prazo: Up to Month 6
Incidence of Adverse Events Related to Hypertonic Saline Inhalation
Up to Month 6
Within-Participant Change in Respiratory Severity Score During Normal Saline and Hypertonic Saline Treatment Periods in the Delayed-Initiation Arm
Prazo: Baseline to Month 6
Comparison of RSS change during Months 0-3 while receiving nebulized normal saline and during Months 4-6 while receiving nebulized 3% hypertonic saline in participants assigned to the delayed-initiation arm.
Baseline to Month 6
Change in Respiratory Severity Score From Month 3 to Month 6 in the Early-Initiation Arm
Prazo: Month 3 and Month 6
Evaluation of continued symptom improvement after the initial 3 months of hypertonic saline treatment.
Month 3 and Month 6
Change in Total RSS at Month 6
Prazo: Baseline and Month 6
Total RSS ranges from 0 to 60 and is calculated from six visual analog scales evaluating cough, sputum production, dyspnea, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and overall respiratory symptoms. Higher scores indicate worse symptoms.
Baseline and Month 6

Outras medidas de resultado

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Change in Chest CT Findings From Baseline to Month 6
Prazo: Baseline and Month 6
Chest CT findings including bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis (tree-in-bud pattern), nodules, consolidation, and cavitary lesions will be evaluated at baseline and Month 6 by comparison of serial CT scans.
Baseline and Month 6
Serum Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) Level
Prazo: Baseline, Month 3 and Month 6
Change in serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) concentration from baseline to Months 3 and 6. CA19-9 will be measured using a standard clinical laboratory assay. Higher levels may reflect greater airway inflammation and disease burden in nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease.
Baseline, Month 3 and Month 6
Serum Cancer Antigen 125 (CA125) Level
Prazo: Baseline, Month 3 and Month 6
Change in serum cancer antigen 125 (CA125) concentration from baseline to Months 3 and 6. CA125 will be measured using a standard clinical laboratory assay. Higher levels may reflect greater pulmonary disease activity and extent of bronchiectatic involvement.
Baseline, Month 3 and Month 6

Colaboradores e Investigadores

É aqui que você encontrará pessoas e organizações envolvidas com este estudo.

Patrocinador

Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan

Colaboradores

National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan

Investigadores

  • Investigador principal: Sheng-Wei Pan, MD, PhD, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan

Publicações e links úteis

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Publicações Gerais

Datas de registro do estudo

Essas datas acompanham o progresso do registro do estudo e os envios de resumo dos resultados para ClinicalTrials.gov. Os registros do estudo e os resultados relatados são revisados ​​pela National Library of Medicine (NLM) para garantir que atendam aos padrões específicos de controle de qualidade antes de serem publicados no site público.

Datas Principais do Estudo

Início do estudo (Real)

3 de outubro de 2025

Conclusão Primária (Estimado)

30 de abril de 2028

Conclusão do estudo (Estimado)

31 de julho de 2028

Datas de inscrição no estudo

Enviado pela primeira vez

6 de junho de 2026

Enviado pela primeira vez que atendeu aos critérios de CQ

10 de junho de 2026

Primeira postagem (Real)

15 de junho de 2026

Atualizações de registro de estudo

Última Atualização Postada (Real)

15 de junho de 2026

Última atualização enviada que atendeu aos critérios de controle de qualidade

10 de junho de 2026

Última verificação

1 de junho de 2026

Mais Informações

Termos relacionados a este estudo

Palavras-chave

Termos MeSH relevantes adicionais

Outros números de identificação do estudo

  • HiNTM-01
  • 114-2314-B-075 -079 (Número de outro subsídio/financiamento: National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan)
  • 2025-02-019A (Outro identificador: Taipei Veterans General Hospital)

Plano para dados de participantes individuais (IPD)

Planeja compartilhar dados de participantes individuais (IPD)?

NÃO

Informações sobre medicamentos e dispositivos, documentos de estudo

Estuda um medicamento regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

Estuda um produto de dispositivo regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

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