Cholesterol Absorption Inhibition Study (CASTELL)

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Apparently healthy: no medical conditions which might effect study measurements (judged by study physician).
2. Males aged 20 - 65
3. BMI 20-27 kg∙m-2
4. LDL-C levels between 3.0 - 5.0 mmol/L, triglycerides < 3.0 mmol/L
5. Not more than 10 hours per week of strenuous exercise
6. Ability to give informed consent.
7. Ability to follow verbal and written instructions.
8. Non-smoker (tobacco, marijuana).
9. The ability to attend and to commute to the performance site for each of study day visit and follow-up throughout the study period are required.
10. Willing to consume a breakfast in the morning of each study day.
11. Willing to consume margarine on each study occasion.
12. Having a general practitioner.
13. No use of medication which interferes with study measurements (as judged by the study physician).
14. Agreeing to be informed about medically relevant personal test-results after the screening visit by a physician.
15. Consumption =< 21 alcoholic drinks in a typical week.
16. No blood donation 1 month prior to pre-study examination or during the study.
17. Has accessible veins on the forearm as determined by examination at screening.
18. Not being an employee of Unilever.
19. No reported participation in another nutritional or biomedical trial 3 months before the pre-study examination or during the study.

20. No reported participation in night shift work during the study.

    Exclusion Criteria:

21. Unwilling to refrain from consumption of plant sterol or stanol containing products one week before and during the study..
22. Plasma lipid profile which indicates deviating lipid / cholesterol homeostasis, to be judged by study physician.
23. Evidence of severe cardiovascular, respiratory, urogenital, gastrointestinal/ hepatic, hemato¬logical/ immunologic, HEENT (head, ears, eyes, nose, throat), dermatological/ connective tissue, musculoskeletal, metabolic/nutritional, endocrine, neurological/ psychiatric diseases, allergy, major surgery and/or laboratory assessments which might limit participation in or completion of the study protocol.
24. Gastrointestinal or hepatic disorders influencing gastrointestinal absorption or transit, including gallstones or biliary diseases.
25. History of surgery related to the gastro-intestinal tract
26. On a medically prescribed or weight reduction diet
27. Recreational (intravenous) drug use.
28. The use of psychotropic drugs, including: benzodiazepines or alcohol in excess of 21 units/ week for males
29. Concomitant medication that may modulate gastro-intestinal secretions and pH (e.g. antacids, proton-pump-inhibitors, prostaglandins, anticholinergic agents, H2-receptor antagonists)
30. Concomitant medication that can alter gastric emptying (e.g. metoclopramide, cisapride, domperidone and erythromycin, anticholinergics, tricyclic antidepressants, narcotic analgesics, adrenergic agents, calcium channel blockers)
31. Concomitant medication that can alter intestinal transit (e.g. loperamide, chemical/ osmotic/bulk laxatives), or influence satiety/energy intake (e.g. sibutramine, gluco¬corticoids, anabolic steroids)
32. Intolerance or allergy for test product.