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Real-Time Acute Kidney Injury Perioperative Prediction Clinical Trial (ML-AKI)

19 maj 2026 uppdaterad av: University of California, San Francisco

Prediction of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) After Surgery: A Pragmatic Three-Arm Cluster-Randomized Trial

This investigator-initiated, pragmatic trial evaluates whether displaying a machine learning (ML)- derived perioperative AKI risk score-alone or paired with an interruptive Best/Our Practice Advisory (BPA/OPA)-improves kidney-protective care and reduces kidney injury after non-obstetric surgery at UCSF. Approximately 75-100 attending anesthesiologists (clusters) are randomized 1:1:1 to: (a) Control (risk score hidden), (b) Score Only (visible preoperative AKI risk probability with passive KDIGO bundle recommendation), or (c) Score + BPA (visible risk plus interruptive KDIGO prompt for high-risk patients). CRNAs/residents follow their attending' s assignment. Adult inpatients (age ≥18) with expected overnight stay and eGFR ≥15 mL/min/1.73 m² are included; obstetrics, chronic dialysis, and kidney transplant patients are excluded. The underlying preoperative model was prospectively validated at UCSF and outperforms anesthesiologist risk estimation reported in the literature. The model was reviewed and approved by the AI Oversight Committee at UCSF. Primary endpoint is the continuous change in serum creatinine (mg/dL) from baseline to POD 1-2. Secondary outcomes include KDIGO-defined AKI, adherence to bundle elements (hemodynamics, balanced fluids, nephrotoxin avoidance, glycemic control), intraoperative hypotension time, fluid volumes, nephrotoxin exposure, perioperative hyperglycemia, length of stay, unplanned ICU transfer, readmission, dialysis, and in-hospital mortality. Data are obtained from the EHR; analysts are blinded. No direct subject interaction is planned; the investigators will request a waiver of patient consent. The study aims to demonstrate that ML-enabled, workflow-embedded decision support can safely and feasibly improve guideline concordant care and decrease early postoperative kidney injury.

Studieöversikt

Status

Har inte rekryterat ännu

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Studietyp

Interventionell

Inskrivning (Beräknad)

25518

Fas

  • Inte tillämpbar

Kontakter och platser

Det här avsnittet innehåller kontaktuppgifter för dem som genomför studien och information om var denna studie genomförs.

Studiekontakt

Studieorter

  • Förenta staterna
    • California
      • San Francisco, California, Förenta staterna, 94158
        • University of California, San Francisco

Deltagandekriterier

Forskare letar efter personer som passar en viss beskrivning, så kallade behörighetskriterier. Några exempel på dessa kriterier är en persons allmänna hälsotillstånd eller tidigare behandlingar.

Urvalskriterier

Åldrar som är berättigade till studier

  • Vuxen
  • Äldre vuxen

Tar emot friska volontärer

Ja

Beskrivning

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Adults ≥18 years undergoing non-obstetric surgery at UCSF.
  • Inpatient cases with expected overnight stay.
  • Baseline eGFR ≥15 mL/min/1.73 m².
  • Managed by an attending anesthesiologist randomized to one of three arms (CRNAs/residents follow attending).
  • Data available in the UCSF EHR for risk scoring and outcomes.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Obstetric procedures.
  • Chronic dialysis patients.
  • Kidney transplant recipients.
  • Cases without baseline creatinine/eGFR or missing essential EHR elements needed for scoring/outcomes (operational exclusions).
  • Outpatient procedures without expected overnight stay.

Studieplan

Det här avsnittet ger detaljer om studieplanen, inklusive hur studien är utformad och vad studien mäter.

Hur är studien utformad?

Designdetaljer

  • Primärt syfte: Undersökning
  • Tilldelning: Randomiserad
  • Interventionsmodell: Parallellt uppdrag
  • Maskning: Ingen (Open Label)

Vapen och interventioner

Deltagargrupp / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Inget ingripande: Control Arm
Participants receive usual perioperative care with a placeholder blank display without the machine learning-derived acute kidney injury (AKI) risk score. The clinical decision support tool remains hidden in the electronic health record, and no alerts or recommendations related to the study are shown.
Experimentell: Acute Kidney Injury Risk Score Only
A machine learning-derived preoperative AKI risk score is displayed within the electronic health record for high-risk patients. A passive recommendation indicating that the patient may benefit from a KDIGO-based kidney-protective bundle is provided. The information is advisory only, and no interruptive alerts are used.
Enhet: EHR-Embedded AKI Risk Score
A non-adaptive, machine learning-based clinical decision support tool integrated into the electronic health record that generates a preoperative probability of acute kidney injury (AKI) using routinely collected patient data. For patients identified as high risk, the tool displays the risk estimate to anesthesia providers without an accompanying Best Practice Advisory (BPA) recommending consideration of a KDIGO-based kidney-protective bundle. The intervention is advisory only, does not mandate clinical actions, and is designed to support provider decision-making within the existing clinical workflow.
Andra namn:
  • EHR-Embedded AKI Clinical Decision Support Tool
Experimentell: Acute Kidney Injury Risk Score with Best Practice Advisory
The machine learning-derived AKI risk score is displayed within the electronic health record for high-risk patients, accompanied by an interruptive Best Practice Advisory (BPA) that notifies providers that the patient may benefit from a KDIGO-based kidney-protective bundle. The alert is advisory only and does not mandate clinical actions.
Enhet: EHR-Embedded AKI Risk Score with Best Practice Advisory
A non-adaptive, machine learning-based clinical decision support tool integrated into the electronic health record that generates a preoperative probability of acute kidney injury (AKI) using routinely collected patient data. For patients identified as high risk, the tool displays the risk estimate to anesthesia providers with an accompanying Best Practice Advisory (BPA) recommending consideration of a KDIGO-based kidney-protective bundle. The intervention is advisory only, does not mandate clinical actions, and is designed to support provider decision-making within the existing clinical workflow.
Andra namn:
  • EHR-Embedded AKI Clinical Decision Support Tool

Vad mäter studien?

Primära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Post-operative Change in Creatinine
Tidsram: From pre-operative baseline to 1-2 days post-operative level
Maximum continuous change in serum creatinine (mg/dL) from baseline to post-operative day 1-2
From pre-operative baseline to 1-2 days post-operative level

Sekundära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Acute Kidney Injury
Tidsram: Operation to Post-operative Day 7
Acute Kidney Injury as defined by KDIGO
Operation to Post-operative Day 7
KDIGO Bundle Adherence
Tidsram: Intra-operative
Measurement of provider adherence to KDIGO components
Intra-operative
Intra-Operative Time and Severity of Hypotension
Tidsram: Intra-operative
Intra-Operative Time and Severity (meaning how far below the threshold) where patient is in hypotension, defined as systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg and mean arterial pressure <65 mmHg during surgery
Intra-operative
Total intra-operative intravenous fluid volume administered (mL)
Tidsram: Intra-operative
Provider administration of intravenous fluids during the intra-operative period, measured in milliliters (mL). Intravenous fluids include normal saline, lactated Ringer's, Plasma-Lyte, other balanced crystalloids, and colloid solutions such as albumin.
Intra-operative
Length of Stay
Tidsram: Operation to Post-operative Day 180
Duration of patient admission in hospital in days
Operation to Post-operative Day 180
Intra-operative Hyperglycemic Events
Tidsram: Intra-operative
Number of intra-operative hyperglycemic events, defined as the number of recorded blood glucose measurements exceeding 180 mg/dL.
Intra-operative
Intra-operative Nephrotoxin Exposure
Tidsram: Intra-operative
Number of nephrotoxic medications administered intra-operatively and duration of intra-operative exposure
Intra-operative
In-Hospital Mortality
Tidsram: Operation to Post-operative Day 180
Patient death while admitted in the hospital
Operation to Post-operative Day 180
ICU Transfer and total time in the ICU
Tidsram: Postoperative
Any transfers to the ICU while admitted and the total time the patient spends in the ICU
Postoperative
Hospital Readmission
Tidsram: Operation to Post-operative Day 180
Readmission back to a UCSF hospital following operation
Operation to Post-operative Day 180
Dialysis Requirement
Tidsram: Operation to Post-operative Day 180
Patients requiring dialysis following surgery
Operation to Post-operative Day 180
Dilution Corrected KDIGO AKI measurement (Stage 1 or higher)
Tidsram: AKI is defined per KDIGO as corrected creatinine increase ≥0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours or ≥1.5× baseline within 7 days. This measure captures "hidden AKI" - kidney injury masked by fluid dilution that would be missed using standard uncorrected creatinine.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) assessed using KDIGO creatinine criteria applied to dilution-corrected postoperative serum creatinine. Creatinine is corrected for hemodilution from perioperative fluid retention using the formula:

Corrected Creatinine (mg/dL) = Measured Creatinine × (1 + Net Fluid Balance / Total Body Water)

Where:

  • Net Fluid Balance (L) = Fluid inputs - urine output - blood loss - other outputs
  • Total Body Water (L) = 0.6 × weight (kg) for males; 0.5 × weight (kg) for females
AKI is defined per KDIGO as corrected creatinine increase ≥0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours or ≥1.5× baseline within 7 days. This measure captures "hidden AKI" - kidney injury masked by fluid dilution that would be missed using standard uncorrected creatinine.
Total intra-operative packed red blood cells administered (units transfused)
Tidsram: intraoperative
Provider administration of packed red blood cells during the intra-operative period, measured as total units transfused.
intraoperative
Total intra-operative fresh frozen plasma administered (units transfused)
Tidsram: intraoperative
Provider administration of fresh frozen plasma during the intra-operative period, measured as total units transfused.
intraoperative
Total intra-operative platelets administered (units transfused)
Tidsram: intraoperative
Provider administration of platelets during the intra-operative period, measured as total units transfused.
intraoperative
Total intra-operative cryoprecipitate administered (units transfused)
Tidsram: intraoperative
Provider administration of cryoprecipitate during the intra-operative period, measured as total units transfused.
intraoperative

Samarbetspartners och utredare

Det är här du hittar personer och organisationer som är involverade i denna studie.

Sponsor

University of California, San Francisco

Samarbetspartners

National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)

Utredare

  • Huvudutredare: Andrew Bishara, MD, University of California, San Francisco

Publikationer och användbara länkar

Den som ansvarar för att lägga in information om studien tillhandahåller frivilligt dessa publikationer. Dessa kan handla om allt som har med studien att göra.

Allmänna publikationer

Studieavstämningsdatum

Dessa datum spårar framstegen för inlämningar av studieposter och sammanfattande resultat till ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter och rapporterade resultat granskas av National Library of Medicine (NLM) för att säkerställa att de uppfyller specifika kvalitetskontrollstandarder innan de publiceras på den offentliga webbplatsen.

Studera stora datum

Studiestart (Beräknad)

15 oktober 2026

Primärt slutförande (Beräknad)

15 oktober 2027

Avslutad studie (Beräknad)

15 december 2027

Studieregistreringsdatum

Först inskickad

9 april 2026

Först inskickad som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

19 maj 2026

Första postat (Faktisk)

22 maj 2026

Uppdateringar av studier

Senaste uppdatering publicerad (Faktisk)

22 maj 2026

Senaste inskickade uppdateringen som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

19 maj 2026

Senast verifierad

1 maj 2026

Mer information

Termer relaterade till denna studie

Nyckelord

Ytterligare relevanta MeSH-villkor

Andra studie-ID-nummer

  • 22-37005
  • K23GM151611-03 (U.S.S. NIH-anslag/kontrakt)

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NEJ

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Nej

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Ja

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Ja

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