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Effect of High Flow Nasal Therapy (HFNC) Weaning Protocols vs Standard of Care on Respiratory Outcomes in Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure (WHIP)

4 juni 2026 uppdaterad av: Michele Mondoni, University of Milan

Effect of High Flow Nasal Therapy (HFNC) Weaning Protocols vs Standard of Care on Respiratory Outcomes in Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure: A Randomized Clinical Trial

High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is a widely used noninvasive respiratory support technique for patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF). It provides heated and humidified oxygen at high flow rates, improving oxygenation, reducing respiratory effort, and enhancing patient comfort. International guidelines recommend HFNC over conventional oxygen therapy in hypoxemic ARF. However, there is significant variability in clinical practice regarding HFNC discontinuation, and no standardized weaning criteria currently exist. Prolonged HFNC use may increase hospital stay and healthcare costs, while premature discontinuation may lead to respiratory deterioration and the need for further ventilatory support. Previous studies suggest that successful HFNC weaning may be predicted by a Fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO₂) ≤40% and a Respiratory rate-Oxygenation index (ROX index) ≥9.2. The ROX index is calculated as the ratio of peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂) divided by fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO₂) to respiratory rate. The primary objective of this study is to compare a standardized HFNC weaning strategy based on ROX index and FiO₂ thresholds with usual clinical practice based on physician judgment. The primary outcome is weaning failure at the first attempt, defined as the need for HFNC reinstitution, noninvasive or invasive mechanical ventilation, or death within 48 hours after discontinuation.

Studieöversikt

Status

Rekrytering

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Studietyp

Interventionell

Inskrivning (Beräknad)

148

Fas

  • Inte tillämpbar

Kontakter och platser

Det här avsnittet innehåller kontaktuppgifter för dem som genomför studien och information om var denna studie genomförs.

Studiekontakt

Studieorter

  • Italien
    • Lombardy
      • Milan, Lombardy, Italien, 20142
        • Rekrytering
        • Pulmonology Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo. Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan (Italy)
    • Sicily
      • Catania, Sicily, Italien, 95123
        • Har inte rekryterat ännu
        • Pulmonology Unit, University Hospital "G. Rodolico-San Marco"
        • Kontakt:

Deltagandekriterier

Forskare letar efter personer som passar en viss beskrivning, så kallade behörighetskriterier. Några exempel på dessa kriterier är en persons allmänna hälsotillstånd eller tidigare behandlingar.

Urvalskriterier

Åldrar som är berättigade till studier

  • Vuxen
  • Äldre vuxen

Tar emot friska volontärer

Nej

Beskrivning

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age ≥18 years
  • Presence of acute respiratory failure (ARF)
  • Receiving HFNC treatment for ≥24 hours

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Post-extubation HFNC use or tracheostomized patients
  • Respiratory acidosis (pH <7.35) or clinically significant acute hypercapnia (pCO₂ >50 mmHg with worsening from baseline)
  • Long-term home NIV or home CPAP use
  • Do-not-intubate (DNI) orders precluding escalation to invasive mechanical ventilation
  • Life expectancy ≤48-72 hours due to terminal non-respiratory disease
  • Neurological impairment or deep sedation preventing safe HFNC use (e.g. coma or severe uncontrolled delirium)
  • Technical contraindications to HFNC (i.e. facial trauma, maxillofacial surgery, severe nasal obstruction)
  • Refusal to participate or inability to provide informed consent

Studieplan

Det här avsnittet ger detaljer om studieplanen, inklusive hur studien är utformad och vad studien mäter.

Hur är studien utformad?

Designdetaljer

  • Primärt syfte: Övrig
  • Tilldelning: Randomiserad
  • Interventionsmodell: Parallellt uppdrag
  • Maskning: Ingen (Open Label)

Vapen och interventioner

Deltagargrupp / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Inget ingripande: Non-protocolized weaning
Non-protocolized weaning according to standard clinical practice: HFNC assessment every 24 hours and discontinuation based on physician clinical judgment.
Experimentell: Protocolized weaning
Protocolized weaning using ROX index + FiO₂
Övrig: Protocolized HFNC weaning
HFNC discontinuation based on ROX index ≥9.2 and FiO₂ ≤40%

Vad mäter studien?

Primära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Weaning failure
Tidsram: Within 48 hours after the first separation attempt
To compare the percentage of patients who fail HFNC weaning within 48 hours after the first separation attempt using a protocolized HFNC weaning strategy based on ROX index and FiO₂ cut-offs versus standard clinical practice guided by physician judgment.
Within 48 hours after the first separation attempt

Sekundära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Second-attempt weaning success
Tidsram: Within 48 hours after the second separation attempt
To compare the percentage of patients who fail HFNC weaning within 48 hours after the second separation attempt using a protocolized HFNC weaning strategy based on ROX index and FiO₂ cut-offs versus standard clinical practice guided by physician judgment.
Within 48 hours after the second separation attempt
Length of hospital stay
Tidsram: From the day of hospital admission until the day of hospital discharge, assessed up to 60 days; and from the day of HFNC discontinuation until the day of hospital discharge, assessed up to 60 days.
Comparison of total hospital stay and post-weaning hospital stay between the two study arms.
From the day of hospital admission until the day of hospital discharge, assessed up to 60 days; and from the day of HFNC discontinuation until the day of hospital discharge, assessed up to 60 days.
In-hospital and 30-day mortality
Tidsram: From the day of admission to the day of discharge or death (in-hospital mortality) and from the day of admission to 30-day after discharge (30-day mortality)
Comparison of in-hospital mortality and 30-day mortality after discharge between the two study arms.
From the day of admission to the day of discharge or death (in-hospital mortality) and from the day of admission to 30-day after discharge (30-day mortality)
Predictors of weaning success
Tidsram: From enrollment through hospital discharge, an average of 10 days.
Identification of clinical and respiratory variables associated with successful HFNC weaning.
From enrollment through hospital discharge, an average of 10 days.
Number of days of HFNC treatment from initiation to definitive discontinuation
Tidsram: From the date and time of HFNC initiation until the date and time of definitive HFNC discontinuation, assessed up to 30 days.
Number of days of HFNC treatment from initiation to definitive discontinuation
From the date and time of HFNC initiation until the date and time of definitive HFNC discontinuation, assessed up to 30 days.
Predictors of HFNC treatment duration
Tidsram: From HFNC initiation through hospital discharge, an average of 10 days
Demographic, clinical, radiological and laboratory variables associated with HFNC treatment duration
From HFNC initiation through hospital discharge, an average of 10 days
Prevalence of diaphragmatic dysfunction assessed by diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF) and diaphragmatic excursion measured by ultrasound between the two study arms.
Tidsram: 30 minutes before HFNC weaning initiation and 24 hours after weaning completion.
Comparison of the prevalence of diaphragmatic dysfunction assessed by diaphragmatic ultrasound between patients with successful HFNC weaning and those with weaning failure. Diaphragmatic function will be evaluated using diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF) and diaphragmatic excursion measured by ultrasound.
30 minutes before HFNC weaning initiation and 24 hours after weaning completion.
Changes in diaphragmatic function
Tidsram: Before HFNC discontinuation and within 48 hours after weaning attempt
Evaluation of diaphragmatic ultrasound parameters before and after HFNC discontinuation.
Before HFNC discontinuation and within 48 hours after weaning attempt

Samarbetspartners och utredare

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Sponsor

University of Milan

Studieavstämningsdatum

Dessa datum spårar framstegen för inlämningar av studieposter och sammanfattande resultat till ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter och rapporterade resultat granskas av National Library of Medicine (NLM) för att säkerställa att de uppfyller specifika kvalitetskontrollstandarder innan de publiceras på den offentliga webbplatsen.

Studera stora datum

Studiestart (Beräknad)

15 maj 2026

Primärt slutförande (Beräknad)

1 maj 2028

Avslutad studie (Beräknad)

1 maj 2028

Studieregistreringsdatum

Först inskickad

13 maj 2026

Först inskickad som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

4 juni 2026

Första postat (Faktisk)

10 juni 2026

Uppdateringar av studier

Senaste uppdatering publicerad (Faktisk)

10 juni 2026

Senaste inskickade uppdateringen som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

4 juni 2026

Senast verifierad

1 maj 2026

Mer information

Termer relaterade till denna studie

Nyckelord

Andra studie-ID-nummer

  • THE WHIP TRIAL

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