Celecoxib for Reducing Morphine Requirement After Thyroid Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patient ASA physical status I-III.
2. Scheduled for an elective thyroidectomy.
3. Body weight > or = 40kg
4. Can operate a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. History of asthma, acute rhinitis, nasal polyps, angioneurotic edema or urticaria following the administration of aspirin or other NSAIDs.
2. Known hypersensitivity to morphine or sulfonamides.
3. History of hepatic dysfunction.
4. Creatinine clearance < 30ml/min.
5. History of bleeding tendency.
6. History of gastrointestinal bleeding or active peptic ulcer.
7. Known case of inflammatory bowel disease.
8. Patient with severe heart failure.