Different Initial Insulin Dose Regimens on Time to Achieve Glycemic Targets and Treatment Safety in SIIT

Inclusion Criteria:

• Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (1999 World Health Organization standard);
• Type 2 diabetic patients who have never received any hypoglycemic therapy (including oral hypoglycemic agents, Chinese medicine , and insulin);
• Body mass index (BMI) between 20-35 kg/m2;
• Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels between 7.0 -16.7 mmol/L, glycated haemoglobin >7.0%;
• Willing to receive CSII intensive treatment during hospitalization and monitoring blood glucose 8 times per day.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Type 1 diabetes or special type of diabetes;
• Acute complications of diabetes: ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar coma, lactic acidosis, etc.;
• Severe macrovascular complications: acute cerebral vascular accidents, acute coronary syndromes, peripheral arterial disease requiring vascular intervention or amputees for hospitalization occur within 12 months before selection;
• Severe microvascular complications: proliferative phase retinopathy; urinary albumin excretion rate(AER)> 300 mg/g or urinary protein Positive, quantitative> 0.5 g/d; uncontrolled painful diabetic neuropathy and significant diabetic autonomic neuropathy;
• Obvious liver and kidney dysfunction: alanine aminotransferase ≥ 2.5 times the upper limit of normal, total bilirubin ≥ 1.5 times the upper limit of normal, serum creatinine greater than 150 umol/L or creatinine clearance less than 50 mL/min;
• Significant increase in blood pressure: blood pressure continued to be higher than 180/110 mmHg;
• Significant anemia: hemoglobin <100g /L may require regular blood transfusions;
• Use of drugs that may affect blood glucose during 12 weeks, such as oral/intravenous corticosteroids, growth hormone, estrogen/progestogen, high-dose diuretics, antipsychotics, etc. Low-dose diuretics for antihypertensive purposes (hydrochlorothiazide <25 mg/d, indapamide ≤ 1.5 mg/d), and physiological quantities of thyroid hormones used for replacement therapy are not limited to this;
• Effects associated with other underlying diseases influenced the observation of blood glucose, such as systemic infection or severe comorbidity, malignancy or chronic diarrhea, uncontrolled endocrine gland function abnormalities, chronic cardiac insufficiency (grade III and above), psychosis, or pregnant;
• The patients does not cooperate, or the investigator judges that it may be difficult to complete the study.