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Field-Based Physical and Temporal Correlates of Pitch Velocity in Adolescent Baseball Pitchers (No acronym)

2026年4月24日 更新者：Édison Andrés Pérez Bedoya、Federal University of Vicosa

Relationship Between Explosive Strength, Shoulder Flexibility, Sprint Performance, Wind-Up Temporal Characteristics, and Pitch Velocity in Adolescent Baseball Pitchers: A Completed Observational Repeated-Measures Study

This completed observational repeated-measures study examined the relationship between field-based physical and temporal measures and pitch velocity in adolescent baseball pitchers. Six adolescent pitchers were assessed repeatedly over five weeks. The assessment battery included rotational medicine-ball throw distance, countermovement jump height, 30 m sprint time, shoulder flexibility, temporal characteristics of two operational wind-up phases, and pitch velocity measured with a sports radar. No experimental intervention or modification of the athletes' usual training was implemented.

研究概览

地位

完全的

条件

干预/治疗

详细说明

Pitch velocity is a relevant performance indicator in baseball pitching, particularly during adolescent development, when physical capacities, technical refinement, and sport-specific skill acquisition occur simultaneously. This completed observational study was designed to explore whether field-based measures of explosive strength, shoulder flexibility, sprint performance, and wind-up temporal organization were associated with pitch velocity in adolescent baseball pitchers.

The study used a quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive-correlational, longitudinal repeated-measures design. Six adolescent baseball pitchers were assessed once per week over approximately five weeks, yielding repeated observations nested within each athlete. The study did not involve an assigned intervention, randomization, treatment allocation, or modification of the athletes' usual training process.

The field-based assessment battery included rotational medicine-ball throw distance as an indicator of upper-body rotational explosive performance, countermovement jump height as an indicator of lower-body explosive performance, 30 m flying sprint time as an indicator of sprint performance, shoulder flexibility assessed through a behind-the-back shoulder mobility test, temporal analysis of two operational phases of the pitching wind-up using video, and pitch velocity measured with a sports radar. Wind-up phase 1 was operationally defined as the interval from maximal knee elevation to bilateral foot contact, whereas wind-up phase 2 was defined as the interval from bilateral foot contact to frontal orientation toward the target.

The main analytical purpose was to describe the magnitude and direction of the associations between the field-based measures and pitch velocity while accounting for the repeated-measures structure of the data. Analyses were planned using descriptive statistics and association models appropriate for repeated observations within participants, including mixed-effects models or exploratory correlation procedures when required by the sample size.

研究类型

观察性的

注册 (实际的)

6

联系人和位置

本节提供了进行研究的人员的详细联系信息，以及有关进行该研究的地点的信息。

学习地点

  • 哥伦比亚
    • Antioquia
      • Guarne、Antioquia、哥伦比亚、054080
        • Tecnológico de Antioquia

参与标准

研究人员寻找符合特定描述的人，称为资格标准。这些标准的一些例子是一个人的一般健康状况或先前的治疗。

资格标准

适合学习的年龄

  • 孩子

接受健康志愿者

是的

取样方法

非概率样本

研究人群

The study population consisted of male adolescent baseball pitchers aged 13 to 14 years from an organized youth baseball training process in Antioquia, Colombia. Participants were healthy athletes involved in regular baseball practice and were assessed using field-based physical, biomechanical, and performance measures related to pitch velocity.

描述

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Male adolescent baseball players aged 13 to 14 years.
  • Regular pitchers or players who performed regular pitching duties within an organized baseball training process.
  • Regular participation in baseball training during the assessment period.
  • Ability to complete field-based jumping, sprinting, shoulder flexibility, pitching, and video-based wind-up assessments.
  • Parent or legal guardian consent and participant assent.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Active musculoskeletal injury, relevant pain, or medical restriction limiting participation in jumping, sprinting, or pitching assessments.
  • Ongoing physical rehabilitation at the time of assessment.
  • Medical contraindication for performing physical efforts consistent with regular baseball practice.
  • Insufficient attendance to complete the minimum repeated-measures record required for analysis.
  • Withdrawal of parent/legal guardian consent or participant assent.

学习计划

本节提供研究计划的详细信息，包括研究的设计方式和研究的衡量标准。

研究是如何设计的？

设计细节

队列和干预

团体/队列
干预/治疗
Adolescent Baseball Pitchers
Adolescent baseball pitchers who completed repeated field-based assessments of explosive strength, sprint performance, shoulder flexibility, wind-up temporal characteristics, and pitch velocity over approximately five weeks. No intervention or training modification was assigned by the investigators.
其他：Field-Based Performance Assessment Battery
Participants completed a field-based assessment battery including rotational medicine-ball throw, countermovement jump, 30 m flying sprint, shoulder flexibility assessment, video-based wind-up temporal analysis, and radar-based pitch velocity measurement. These procedures were used only for observational assessment and did not constitute an assigned intervention.

研究衡量的是什么？

主要结果指标

结果测量
措施说明
大体时间
Pitch Velocity
大体时间：At each weekly assessment over 5 weeks
Pitch velocity was measured in miles per hour using a sports radar during baseball pitches performed with the athlete's usual pitching technique. The best valid attempt was recorded for each assessment session.
At each weekly assessment over 5 weeks

次要结果测量

结果测量
措施说明
大体时间
Rotational Medicine-Ball Throw Distance
大体时间：At each weekly assessment over 5 weeks
Distance achieved in a rotational medicine-ball throw, used as a field-based indicator of upper-body rotational explosive performance.
At each weekly assessment over 5 weeks
Countermovement Jump Height
大体时间：At each weekly assessment over 5 weeks
Jump height measured during a countermovement jump, used as a field-based indicator of lower-body explosive performance.
At each weekly assessment over 5 weeks
30 m Flying Sprint Time
大体时间：At each weekly assessment over 5 weeks
Time recorded during a 30 m flying sprint test, used as a field-based indicator of sprint performance.
At each weekly assessment over 5 weeks
Shoulder Flexibility
大体时间：At each weekly assessment over 5 weeks
Shoulder flexibility assessed through a behind-the-back shoulder mobility test, recording the distance or overlap between the middle fingers.
At each weekly assessment over 5 weeks
Wind-Up Phase 1 Duration
大体时间：At each weekly assessment over 5 weeks
Duration of the first operational wind-up phase, defined as the time from maximal knee elevation to bilateral foot contact, assessed using video analysis.
At each weekly assessment over 5 weeks
Wind-Up Phase 2 Duration
大体时间：At each weekly assessment over 5 weeks
Duration of the second operational wind-up phase, defined as the time from bilateral foot contact to frontal orientation toward the target, assessed using video analysis.
At each weekly assessment over 5 weeks

合作者和调查者

在这里您可以找到参与这项研究的人员和组织。

赞助

Federal University of Vicosa

调查人员

  • 研究主任：SAMUEL JOSE GAVIRIA ALZATE, PhD、Tecnológico de Antioquia

出版物和有用的链接

负责输入研究信息的人员自愿提供这些出版物。这些可能与研究有关。

一般刊物

  • Hernández Sampieri R, Mendoza Torres CP. Metodología de la investigación: las rutas cuantitativa, cualitativa y mixta. Ciudad de México: McGraw-Hill Education; 2018.
  • Naclerio Ayllón F, Santos Leyva J, Pantoja García D. Relación entre los parámetros de fuerza, potencia y velocidad, en jugadores de softball. Kronos. 2004;3(6):13-20.
  • Cañizares Arteaga R, Peña Malibran JD, Jiménez García R. Estudio del comportamiento de algunas características biomecánicas durante el lanzamiento, en lanzadores de béisbol del equipo de Sancti Spíritus. OLIMPIA. 2020;17:581-592.
  • Pérez Martínez I, Martínez García M, Quintana Díaz A. Interrelación entre variables relacionadas con la velocidad del lanzamiento en el béisbol. PODIUM: Revista de Ciencia y Tecnología en la Cultura Física. 2021;16(3):743-756.

研究记录日期

这些日期跟踪向 ClinicalTrials.gov 提交研究记录和摘要结果的进度。研究记录和报告的结果由国家医学图书馆 (NLM) 审查，以确保它们在发布到公共网站之前符合特定的质量控制标准。

研究主要日期

学习开始 (实际的)

2022年7月21日

初级完成 (实际的)

2022年9月15日

研究完成 (实际的)

2022年9月15日

研究注册日期

首次提交

2026年4月24日

首先提交符合 QC 标准的

2026年4月24日

首次发布 (实际的)

2026年4月30日

研究记录更新

最后更新发布 (实际的)

2026年4月30日

上次提交的符合 QC 标准的更新

2026年4月24日

最后验证

2026年4月1日

更多信息

与本研究相关的术语

关键字

其他研究编号

  • BASEBALL-PITCH-ANT-OBS-2026

计划个人参与者数据 (IPD)

计划共享个人参与者数据 (IPD)？

不

IPD 计划说明

Individual participant data will not be shared because the study involved minors and a small sport-specific sample, which may increase the risk of indirect identification. Results will be reported only in aggregate form.

药物和器械信息、研究文件

研究美国 FDA 监管的药品

不

研究美国 FDA 监管的设备产品

不

此信息直接从 clinicaltrials.gov 网站检索，没有任何更改。如果您有任何更改、删除或更新研究详细信息的请求，请联系 register@clinicaltrials.gov. clinicaltrials.gov 上实施更改，我们的网站上也会自动更新.

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