Field-Based Physical and Temporal Correlates of Pitch Velocity in Adolescent Baseball Pitchers (No acronym)
Relationship Between Explosive Strength, Shoulder Flexibility, Sprint Performance, Wind-Up Temporal Characteristics, and Pitch Velocity in Adolescent Baseball Pitchers: A Completed Observational Repeated-Measures Study
Descripción general del estudio
Estado
Condiciones
Intervención / Tratamiento
Descripción detallada
Pitch velocity is a relevant performance indicator in baseball pitching, particularly during adolescent development, when physical capacities, technical refinement, and sport-specific skill acquisition occur simultaneously. This completed observational study was designed to explore whether field-based measures of explosive strength, shoulder flexibility, sprint performance, and wind-up temporal organization were associated with pitch velocity in adolescent baseball pitchers.
The study used a quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive-correlational, longitudinal repeated-measures design. Six adolescent baseball pitchers were assessed once per week over approximately five weeks, yielding repeated observations nested within each athlete. The study did not involve an assigned intervention, randomization, treatment allocation, or modification of the athletes' usual training process.
The field-based assessment battery included rotational medicine-ball throw distance as an indicator of upper-body rotational explosive performance, countermovement jump height as an indicator of lower-body explosive performance, 30 m flying sprint time as an indicator of sprint performance, shoulder flexibility assessed through a behind-the-back shoulder mobility test, temporal analysis of two operational phases of the pitching wind-up using video, and pitch velocity measured with a sports radar. Wind-up phase 1 was operationally defined as the interval from maximal knee elevation to bilateral foot contact, whereas wind-up phase 2 was defined as the interval from bilateral foot contact to frontal orientation toward the target.
The main analytical purpose was to describe the magnitude and direction of the associations between the field-based measures and pitch velocity while accounting for the repeated-measures structure of the data. Analyses were planned using descriptive statistics and association models appropriate for repeated observations within participants, including mixed-effects models or exploratory correlation procedures when required by the sample size.
Tipo de estudio
Inscripción (Actual)
Contactos y Ubicaciones
Ubicaciones de estudio
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Antioquia
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Guarne, Antioquia, Colombia, 054080
- Tecnológico de Antioquia
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Criterios de participación
Criterio de elegibilidad
Edades elegibles para estudiar
- Niño
Acepta Voluntarios Saludables
Método de muestreo
Población de estudio
Descripción
Inclusion Criteria:
- Male adolescent baseball players aged 13 to 14 years.
- Regular pitchers or players who performed regular pitching duties within an organized baseball training process.
- Regular participation in baseball training during the assessment period.
- Ability to complete field-based jumping, sprinting, shoulder flexibility, pitching, and video-based wind-up assessments.
- Parent or legal guardian consent and participant assent.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Active musculoskeletal injury, relevant pain, or medical restriction limiting participation in jumping, sprinting, or pitching assessments.
- Ongoing physical rehabilitation at the time of assessment.
- Medical contraindication for performing physical efforts consistent with regular baseball practice.
- Insufficient attendance to complete the minimum repeated-measures record required for analysis.
- Withdrawal of parent/legal guardian consent or participant assent.
Plan de estudios
¿Cómo está diseñado el estudio?
Detalles de diseño
Cohortes e Intervenciones
Grupo / Cohorte |
Intervención / Tratamiento |
|---|---|
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Adolescent Baseball Pitchers
Adolescent baseball pitchers who completed repeated field-based assessments of explosive strength, sprint performance, shoulder flexibility, wind-up temporal characteristics, and pitch velocity over approximately five weeks.
No intervention or training modification was assigned by the investigators.
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Participants completed a field-based assessment battery including rotational medicine-ball throw, countermovement jump, 30 m flying sprint, shoulder flexibility assessment, video-based wind-up temporal analysis, and radar-based pitch velocity measurement.
These procedures were used only for observational assessment and did not constitute an assigned intervention.
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¿Qué mide el estudio?
Medidas de resultado primarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
|---|---|---|
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Pitch Velocity
Periodo de tiempo: At each weekly assessment over 5 weeks
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Pitch velocity was measured in miles per hour using a sports radar during baseball pitches performed with the athlete's usual pitching technique.
The best valid attempt was recorded for each assessment session.
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At each weekly assessment over 5 weeks
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Medidas de resultado secundarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
|---|---|---|
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Rotational Medicine-Ball Throw Distance
Periodo de tiempo: At each weekly assessment over 5 weeks
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Distance achieved in a rotational medicine-ball throw, used as a field-based indicator of upper-body rotational explosive performance.
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At each weekly assessment over 5 weeks
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Countermovement Jump Height
Periodo de tiempo: At each weekly assessment over 5 weeks
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Jump height measured during a countermovement jump, used as a field-based indicator of lower-body explosive performance.
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At each weekly assessment over 5 weeks
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30 m Flying Sprint Time
Periodo de tiempo: At each weekly assessment over 5 weeks
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Time recorded during a 30 m flying sprint test, used as a field-based indicator of sprint performance.
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At each weekly assessment over 5 weeks
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Shoulder Flexibility
Periodo de tiempo: At each weekly assessment over 5 weeks
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Shoulder flexibility assessed through a behind-the-back shoulder mobility test, recording the distance or overlap between the middle fingers.
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At each weekly assessment over 5 weeks
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Wind-Up Phase 1 Duration
Periodo de tiempo: At each weekly assessment over 5 weeks
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Duration of the first operational wind-up phase, defined as the time from maximal knee elevation to bilateral foot contact, assessed using video analysis.
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At each weekly assessment over 5 weeks
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Wind-Up Phase 2 Duration
Periodo de tiempo: At each weekly assessment over 5 weeks
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Duration of the second operational wind-up phase, defined as the time from bilateral foot contact to frontal orientation toward the target, assessed using video analysis.
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At each weekly assessment over 5 weeks
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Colaboradores e Investigadores
Patrocinador
Investigadores
- Director de estudio: SAMUEL JOSE GAVIRIA ALZATE, PhD, Tecnológico de Antioquia
Publicaciones y enlaces útiles
Publicaciones Generales
- Hernández Sampieri R, Mendoza Torres CP. Metodología de la investigación: las rutas cuantitativa, cualitativa y mixta. Ciudad de México: McGraw-Hill Education; 2018.
- Naclerio Ayllón F, Santos Leyva J, Pantoja García D. Relación entre los parámetros de fuerza, potencia y velocidad, en jugadores de softball. Kronos. 2004;3(6):13-20.
- Cañizares Arteaga R, Peña Malibran JD, Jiménez García R. Estudio del comportamiento de algunas características biomecánicas durante el lanzamiento, en lanzadores de béisbol del equipo de Sancti Spíritus. OLIMPIA. 2020;17:581-592.
- Pérez Martínez I, Martínez García M, Quintana Díaz A. Interrelación entre variables relacionadas con la velocidad del lanzamiento en el béisbol. PODIUM: Revista de Ciencia y Tecnología en la Cultura Física. 2021;16(3):743-756.
Fechas de registro del estudio
Fechas importantes del estudio
Inicio del estudio (Actual)
Finalización primaria (Actual)
Finalización del estudio (Actual)
Fechas de registro del estudio
Enviado por primera vez
Primero enviado que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
Publicado por primera vez (Actual)
Actualizaciones de registros de estudio
Última actualización publicada (Actual)
Última actualización enviada que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
Última verificación
Más información
Términos relacionados con este estudio
Palabras clave
Otros números de identificación del estudio
- BASEBALL-PITCH-ANT-OBS-2026
Plan de datos de participantes individuales (IPD)
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Descripción del plan IPD
Información sobre medicamentos y dispositivos, documentos del estudio
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