Caffeinated Gum Use and Volleyball Performance
2026年5月15日 更新者：Gülbin Rudarlı、Ege University
Acute Effects of Caffeinated Gum Use on Volleyball Performance: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial
This study examined the acute effects of caffeinated chewing gum on volleyball performance in trained female volleyball players. Caffeine is commonly used by athletes to improve performance, but less is known about whether caffeinated gum is useful during volleyball-specific activity.
Participants completed three testing sessions in a randomized crossover design. In one session, they chewed placebo gum. In another session, they chewed caffeinated gum containing a single 300 mg dose of caffeine. In the third session, they received the same total amount of caffeine as three separate 100 mg doses given at 30-minute intervals.
The study assessed volleyball-specific skill performance, including attack, block, and defense efficiency, during a volleyball-specific skill game. Vertical jump height, heart rate, perceived exertion, side effects, and condition guessing were also recorded.
研究概览
地位
完全的
详细说明
This randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study investigated whether the pattern of caffeinated gum administration affects volleyball-specific performance in trained female volleyball players. Participants completed one familiarization session and three experimental sessions separated by one week. The experimental conditions were placebo gum, single-dose caffeinated gum, and partial-dose caffeinated gum.
In the single-dose condition, participants chewed three pieces of caffeinated gum containing a total of 300 mg caffeine for 5 minutes. In the partial-dose condition, participants chewed one piece of caffeinated gum containing 100 mg caffeine at three different time points, with 30-minute intervals between doses. In the placebo condition, participants chewed caffeine-free gum for 5 minutes.
Each testing session included volleyball-specific activities and a 30-minute volleyball-specific skill game. Attack, block, and defense efficiency were assessed using video recordings and Data Volley software. Vertical jump height was measured before and after the volleyball-specific activity. Heart rate was recorded during the session, and rating of perceived exertion was assessed before and after the session. Participants were also asked to report side effects and to guess which condition they had received after each session.
研究类型
介入性
注册 (实际的)
11
阶段
- 不适用
联系人和位置
本节提供了进行研究的人员的详细联系信息，以及有关进行该研究的地点的信息。
学习地点
-
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Bornova
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Izmir、Bornova、土耳其（türkiye）、35040
- Ege University, Faculty of Sport Sciences
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参与标准
研究人员寻找符合特定描述的人，称为资格标准。这些标准的一些例子是一个人的一般健康状况或先前的治疗。
资格标准
适合学习的年龄
- 成人
接受健康志愿者
是的
描述
Inclusion Criteria:
- Female volleyball players aged 18 to 35 years.
- Apparently healthy.
- Daily caffeine intake ≤300 mg.
- Minimum of 5 years of regular volleyball training experience.
- Training for at least 120 minutes at least 3 days per week.
- Competing in national or international volleyball matches.
- Provided written informed consent before participation.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Serious injury or trauma within the past 6 months that could affect volleyball performance.
- Illness or inability to continue the study protocol during the research period.
- Development of side effects during caffeinated gum administration that prevented continuation.
- Regular alcohol or drug use that could affect the study outcomes.
学习计划
本节提供研究计划的详细信息，包括研究的设计方式和研究的衡量标准。
研究是如何设计的？
设计细节
- 主要用途：其他
- 分配：随机化
- 介入模型：交叉作业
- 屏蔽：双倍的
武器和干预
参与者组/臂 |
干预/治疗 |
|---|---|
|
实验性的：Placebo, Single-Dose Caffeine, Partial-Dose Caffeine Arm Type: Experimental
Participants received placebo gum in the first session, single-dose caffeinated gum in the second session, and partial-dose caffeinated gum in the third session.
Sessions were separated by one week.
|
Participants chewed three pieces of caffeinated gum containing 100 mg caffeine per piece, providing a total dose of 300 mg caffeine.
The gum was chewed for 5 minutes and then discarded.
其他名称：
Participants received three separate pieces of caffeinated gum containing 100 mg caffeine per piece.
One piece was chewed for 5 minutes at each administration time point, with doses given at 30-minute intervals, providing a total dose of 300 mg caffeine.
其他名称：
Participants chewed caffeine-free placebo gum for 5 minutes.
The placebo gum was selected to be similar in shape and color to the caffeinated gum.
其他名称：
|
|
实验性的：Placebo, Partial-Dose Caffeine, Single-Dose Caffeine
Participants received placebo gum in the first session, partial-dose caffeinated gum in the second session, and single-dose caffeinated gum in the third session.
Sessions were separated by one week.
|
Participants chewed three pieces of caffeinated gum containing 100 mg caffeine per piece, providing a total dose of 300 mg caffeine.
The gum was chewed for 5 minutes and then discarded.
其他名称：
Participants received three separate pieces of caffeinated gum containing 100 mg caffeine per piece.
One piece was chewed for 5 minutes at each administration time point, with doses given at 30-minute intervals, providing a total dose of 300 mg caffeine.
其他名称：
Participants chewed caffeine-free placebo gum for 5 minutes.
The placebo gum was selected to be similar in shape and color to the caffeinated gum.
其他名称：
|
|
实验性的：Single-Dose Caffeine, Placebo, Partial-Dose Caffeine
Participants received single-dose caffeinated gum in the first session, placebo gum in the second session, and partial-dose caffeinated gum in the third session.
Sessions were separated by one week.
|
Participants chewed three pieces of caffeinated gum containing 100 mg caffeine per piece, providing a total dose of 300 mg caffeine.
The gum was chewed for 5 minutes and then discarded.
其他名称：
Participants received three separate pieces of caffeinated gum containing 100 mg caffeine per piece.
One piece was chewed for 5 minutes at each administration time point, with doses given at 30-minute intervals, providing a total dose of 300 mg caffeine.
其他名称：
Participants chewed caffeine-free placebo gum for 5 minutes.
The placebo gum was selected to be similar in shape and color to the caffeinated gum.
其他名称：
|
|
实验性的：Single-Dose Caffeine, Partial-Dose Caffeine, Placebo
Participants received single-dose caffeinated gum in the first session, partial-dose caffeinated gum in the second session, and placebo gum in the third session.
Sessions were separated by one week.
|
Participants chewed three pieces of caffeinated gum containing 100 mg caffeine per piece, providing a total dose of 300 mg caffeine.
The gum was chewed for 5 minutes and then discarded.
其他名称：
Participants received three separate pieces of caffeinated gum containing 100 mg caffeine per piece.
One piece was chewed for 5 minutes at each administration time point, with doses given at 30-minute intervals, providing a total dose of 300 mg caffeine.
其他名称：
Participants chewed caffeine-free placebo gum for 5 minutes.
The placebo gum was selected to be similar in shape and color to the caffeinated gum.
其他名称：
|
|
实验性的：Partial-Dose Caffeine, Placebo, Single-Dose Caffeine
Participants received partial-dose caffeinated gum in the first session, placebo gum in the second session, and single-dose caffeinated gum in the third session.
Sessions were separated by one week.
|
Participants chewed three pieces of caffeinated gum containing 100 mg caffeine per piece, providing a total dose of 300 mg caffeine.
The gum was chewed for 5 minutes and then discarded.
其他名称：
Participants received three separate pieces of caffeinated gum containing 100 mg caffeine per piece.
One piece was chewed for 5 minutes at each administration time point, with doses given at 30-minute intervals, providing a total dose of 300 mg caffeine.
其他名称：
Participants chewed caffeine-free placebo gum for 5 minutes.
The placebo gum was selected to be similar in shape and color to the caffeinated gum.
其他名称：
|
|
实验性的：Partial-Dose Caffeine, Single-Dose Caffeine, Placebo
Participants received partial-dose caffeinated gum in the first session, single-dose caffeinated gum in the second session, and placebo gum in the third session.
Sessions were separated by one week.
|
Participants chewed three pieces of caffeinated gum containing 100 mg caffeine per piece, providing a total dose of 300 mg caffeine.
The gum was chewed for 5 minutes and then discarded.
其他名称：
Participants received three separate pieces of caffeinated gum containing 100 mg caffeine per piece.
One piece was chewed for 5 minutes at each administration time point, with doses given at 30-minute intervals, providing a total dose of 300 mg caffeine.
其他名称：
Participants chewed caffeine-free placebo gum for 5 minutes.
The placebo gum was selected to be similar in shape and color to the caffeinated gum.
其他名称：
|
研究衡量的是什么？
主要结果指标
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
|---|---|---|
|
Attack efficiency
大体时间：During the 30-minute volleyball-specific skill game in each experimental trial
|
Attack efficiency was assessed during a 30-minute volleyball-specific skill game using video recordings and Data Volley software.
Values were expressed as percentages.
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During the 30-minute volleyball-specific skill game in each experimental trial
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Block efficiency
大体时间：During the 30-minute volleyball-specific skill game in each experimental trial
|
Block efficiency was assessed during a 30-minute volleyball-specific skill game using video recordings and Data Volley software.
Values were expressed as percentages.
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During the 30-minute volleyball-specific skill game in each experimental trial
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Defense efficiency
大体时间：During the 30-minute volleyball-specific skill game in each experimental trial
|
Defense efficiency was assessed during a 30-minute volleyball-specific skill game using video recordings and Data Volley software.
Values were expressed as percentages.
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During the 30-minute volleyball-specific skill game in each experimental trial
|
次要结果测量
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
|---|---|---|
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Change in vertical jump height
大体时间：From immediately before to immediately after each experimental trial
|
Vertical jump height was measured before and after each experimental testing session using a photoelectric cell system.
Values were expressed in centimeters.
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From immediately before to immediately after each experimental trial
|
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Heart rate
大体时间：Continuously during each experimental trial
|
Heart rate was recorded during each experimental testing session using a telemetric heart rate monitoring system.
Values were expressed as beats per minute.
|
Continuously during each experimental trial
|
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Change in rating of perceived exertion
大体时间：From immediately before to immediately after each experimental trial
|
Rating of perceived exertion was assessed before and after each experimental testing session using a 0-10 Borg scale.
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From immediately before to immediately after each experimental trial
|
其他结果措施
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
|---|---|---|
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Side effects
大体时间：Immediately after each experimental trial
|
Participants were asked after each experimental testing session whether they experienced any side effects or discomfort related to the gum intervention.
Reported responses were recorded descriptively.
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Immediately after each experimental trial
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合作者和调查者
在这里您可以找到参与这项研究的人员和组织。
研究记录日期
这些日期跟踪向 ClinicalTrials.gov 提交研究记录和摘要结果的进度。研究记录和报告的结果由国家医学图书馆 (NLM) 审查，以确保它们在发布到公共网站之前符合特定的质量控制标准。
研究主要日期
学习开始 (实际的)
2025年8月5日
初级完成 (实际的)
2026年4月23日
研究完成 (实际的)
2026年4月23日
研究注册日期
首次提交
2026年5月11日
首先提交符合 QC 标准的
2026年5月15日
首次发布 (实际的)
2026年5月19日
研究记录更新
最后更新发布 (实际的)
2026年5月19日
上次提交的符合 QC 标准的更新
2026年5月15日
最后验证
2026年5月1日
更多信息
与本研究相关的术语
关键字
其他研究编号
- EGE-25-9.1T-28
计划个人参与者数据 (IPD)
计划共享个人参与者数据 (IPD)？
不
IPD 计划说明
Individual participant data will not be shared because the dataset contains participant-level performance and physiological data from a small group of elite female volleyball players, which may increase the risk of participant identification.
药物和器械信息、研究文件
研究美国 FDA 监管的药品
不
研究美国 FDA 监管的设备产品
不
此信息直接从 clinicaltrials.gov 网站检索，没有任何更改。如果您有任何更改、删除或更新研究详细信息的请求，请联系 register@clinicaltrials.gov. clinicaltrials.gov 上实施更改，我们的网站上也会自动更新.