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Effects of Short Physical Activity Breaks on Thinking Skills After University Lectures in Undergraduate Students

2026年6月3日 更新者：Luca Poli、University of Bari Aldo Moro

Acute Cognitive Effects of Brief Physical Activity Breaks After Lecture-Based Academic Activity in Undergraduate University Students: A Randomized Crossover Study

The goal of this randomized crossover study is to evaluate whether brief Physical Activity Breaks (PABs), implemented immediately after lecture-based academic activity, can improve attentional processing and executive functioning in undergraduate university students. The main questions it aims to answer are:

Do OPAB or PABEx improve attentional and executive performance compared to a no-break control condition (NPAB)? Does PABEx provide superior cognitive benefits compared to OPAB?

Researchers will compare:

OPAB (a standardized 10-minute outdoor walking protocol) PABEx (a 10-minute exergame-based break using Fruit Ninja Kinect)

to see if these interventions improve cognitive performance compared to NPAB (supervised passive seated rest), and whether significant differences in cognitive outcomes emerge between OPAB and PABEx.

Participants will:

Complete cognitive assessments (Trail Making Test A-B and Stroop Color-Word Test) immediately after each condition.

Be randomly assigned, in counterbalanced order, to all three conditions across three consecutive weeks separated by a 7-day washout interval.

Engage in a 10-minute structured break (OPAB or PABEx) or passive rest (NPAB) following two consecutive hours of seated university lectures, including:

Warm-up (2 minutes): low-intensity dynamic movements. Main session (6 minutes): light-to-moderate outdoor walking (OPAB) or Fruit Ninja Kinect exergaming (PABEx).

Cool-down (2 minutes): relaxation and gentle stretching exercises.

This study will provide insights into the efficacy of brief active breaks as a pragmatic strategy to enhance cognitive efficiency in university students during academically demanding periods.

研究概览

地位

完全的

条件

干预/治疗

研究类型

介入性

注册 (实际的)

42

阶段

  • 不适用

联系人和位置

本节提供了进行研究的人员的详细联系信息，以及有关进行该研究的地点的信息。

学习地点

  • 意大利
    • Bari
      • Bari、Bari、意大利、70123
        • Università degli studi di Bari "Aldo Moro"

参与标准

研究人员寻找符合特定描述的人，称为资格标准。这些标准的一些例子是一个人的一般健康状况或先前的治疗。

资格标准

适合学习的年龄

  • 成人

接受健康志愿者

是的

描述

Inclusion Criteria:

  • enrolled full-time
  • 18-35 years old at the time of data collection
  • physically able to stand and perform brief bouts of physical activity safely

Exclusion Criteria:

  • musculoskeletal disorders
  • current or recent lower-limb injuries
  • acute or chronic medical conditions that could limit safe participation in light-to-moderate physical activity
  • unable to comply with the study protocol

学习计划

本节提供研究计划的详细信息，包括研究的设计方式和研究的衡量标准。

研究是如何设计的？

设计细节

  • 主要用途：治疗
  • 分配：随机化
  • 介入模型：交叉作业
  • 屏蔽：三倍

武器和干预

参与者组/臂
干预/治疗
实验性的：Exergame-based Physical Activity Break (PABEx)
其他：Exergame-based Physical Activity Break
The PABEx condition consisted of a 10-minute non-immersive exergaming session structured into three phases: (i) Warm-up (2 min): the same dynamic warm-up used in OPAB. (ii) Exergame phase (6 min): participants played Fruit Ninja Kinect, standing at approximately 1.5-2.0 m from a television screen and using a Kinect motion-sensing controller to perform rapid upper-limb movements to slice virtual fruit, combining physical engagement with visuomotor coordination and sustained attentional demands. (iii) Cool-down (2 min): the same relaxation and stretching exercises used in OPAB. Although duration, game, setting, and instructions were standardized, physiological intensity was not objectively monitored and may have varied across individuals. Session duration, sequencing, supervision, and timing of cognitive testing were kept constant across all conditions.
实验性的：Outdoor Physical Activity Break (OPAB),
其他：Outdoor Physical Activity Break
The OPAB condition consisted of a standardized 10-minute outdoor protocol structured into three phases: (i) Warm-up (2 min): low-intensity dynamic movements targeting major joints (ankles, knees, hips, and shoulders) combined with light marching in place. (ii) Walking phase (6 min): participants walked along a predefined outdoor route at approximately 4.5 km·h-¹, providing a light-to-moderate aerobic stimulus; exercise intensity was not objectively monitored. (iii) Cool-down (2 min): relaxation and gentle stretching exercises targeting lower-limb muscle groups and breathing regulation.
无干预：No Physical Activity Break (NPAB)

研究衡量的是什么？

主要结果指标

结果测量
措施说明
大体时间
Trail Making Test A (TMT-A): Completion time
大体时间：3-weeks

Trail Making Test A (TMT-A) assesses visual attention and processing speed. The outcome is the time required to complete the task, measured in seconds. Lower completion times indicate better cognitive performance. Possible scores range from 0 seconds to no predefined maximum value.

Unit of Measure

Seconds
3-weeks
The Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT): Completion Time
大体时间：3-weeks

The Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) assesses selective attention, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control. Participants are required to name the color of visual stimuli and to identify the ink color of color words printed in incongruent colors. The outcome measure is the time required to complete the test, expressed in seconds. Scores range from 0 seconds to no predefined maximum value. Lower scores indicate better cognitive performance.

Unit of Measure

Seconds
3-weeks
Trail Making Test B (TMT-B): Completion Time
大体时间：3-weeks

Trail Making Test B (TMT-B) assesses executive function, cognitive flexibility, and set-shifting ability. The outcome is the time required to complete the task, measured in seconds. Lower completion times indicate better cognitive performance. Possible scores range from 0 seconds to no predefined maximum value.

Unit of Measure

Seconds
3-weeks
The Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT): Errors
大体时间：3-weeks

The Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) assesses selective attention, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control. The outcome measure is the number of errors committed during test performance. Scores range from 0 errors to no predefined maximum value. Lower scores indicate better cognitive performance.

Unit of Measure

Errors
3-weeks
Trail Making Test A (TMT-A): Errors
大体时间：3-weeks

The Trail Making Test A (TMT-A) assesses visual attention, visual scanning, and processing speed. The outcome measure is the number of errors committed while completing the task. Scores range from 0 errors to no predefined maximum value. Lower scores indicate better cognitive performance.

Unit of Measure

Errors
3-weeks
Trail Making Test B (TMT-B): Errors
大体时间：3-weeks

The Trail Making Test B (TMT-B) assesses executive function, cognitive flexibility, and set-shifting ability. The outcome measure is the number of errors committed during task performance. Scores range from 0 errors to no predefined maximum value. Lower scores indicate better cognitive performance.

Unit of Measure

Errors
3-weeks

合作者和调查者

在这里您可以找到参与这项研究的人员和组织。

赞助

University of Bari Aldo Moro

调查人员

  • 首席研究员：Luca Poli, P.hd.、University of Bari Aldo Moro

研究记录日期

这些日期跟踪向 ClinicalTrials.gov 提交研究记录和摘要结果的进度。研究记录和报告的结果由国家医学图书馆 (NLM) 审查，以确保它们在发布到公共网站之前符合特定的质量控制标准。

研究主要日期

学习开始 (实际的)

2025年3月10日

初级完成 (实际的)

2025年4月22日

研究完成 (实际的)

2025年4月30日

研究注册日期

首次提交

2026年5月28日

首先提交符合 QC 标准的

2026年5月28日

首次发布 (实际的)

2026年6月3日

研究记录更新

最后更新发布 (实际的)

2026年6月5日

上次提交的符合 QC 标准的更新

2026年6月3日

最后验证

2026年6月1日

更多信息

与本研究相关的术语

其他研究编号

  • 116866

计划个人参与者数据 (IPD)

计划共享个人参与者数据 (IPD)？

不

药物和器械信息、研究文件

研究美国 FDA 监管的药品

不

研究美国 FDA 监管的设备产品

不

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