Assessing the Relationships Between Parent-child Eating in the Absence of Hunger, Appetitive Traits, and Food Parenting.

实验性的：Eating in Absence of Hunger (EAH) paradigm

Participating dyads will be asked to eat until full at a standardized meal while being video and audio recorded. Dyads will then be separated and undergo a "taste test". This taste test introduces the EAH paradigm, whereas participants will be presented with 8 different highly palatable snack foods and seated activities. They are given 15 minutes of free time to eat and/or engage in these activities. They will be left alone during this time and are informed to not use electronic devices. Their Eating in Absence of Hunger energy intake will be measured by weighing the remaining snack foods. Multiple hunger, thirst, and liking forms throughout the paradigm. The nature of the EAH paradigm is not disclosed until the end of the session, where there is a formal debriefing.

行为的：Eating in Absence of Hunger (EAH) paradigm

Participating dyads will be asked to eat until full at a standardized meal while being video and audio recorded. Dyads will then be separated and undergo a "taste test". This taste test introduces the EAH paradigm, whereas participants will be presented with 8 different highly palatable snack foods and seated activities. They are given 15 minutes of free time to eat and/or engage in these activities. They will be left alone during this time and are informed to not use electronic devices. Their Eating in Absence of Hunger energy intake will be measured by weighing the remaining snack foods. Multiple hunger, thirst, and liking forms throughout the paradigm. The nature of the EAH paradigm is not disclosed until the end of the session, where there is a formal debriefing.

Correlation between parent EAH intake and child EAH intake

Parent EAH intake will be measured by weighing the amount of snacks (in kcal) consumed at the parent EAH paradigm (0kcal to 2400kcal).

Child EAH intake will be measured by weighing the amount of snacks (in kcal) consumed at the child EAH paradigm (0kcal to 2400kcal).

Correlation will be assessed by comparing the parent EAH intake (kcal) and child EAH intake (kcal). If both parent EAH intake (kcal) and child EAH intake (kcal) are high/low, there exists a positive correlation between them. On the other hand, if parent EAH intake (kcal) is high and child EAH intake (kcal) is low or vice versa, there exists a negative correlation between them.

Correlation between the parental pressure to eat score and child EAH intake

Child EAH intake will be measured as the amount of snacks consumed during the EAH paradigm (0-2,400 kcal).

Parental pressure to eat score will be assessed using the Pressure to Eat subscale of the Structure and Control in Parent Feeding (SCPF) Questionnaire, with scores ranging from 1-5. Lower scores indicate less parental pressure to eat, while higher scores indicate greater parental pressure to eat.

The correlation between child EAH intake and parental pressure to eat score will be assessed. A positive correlation indicates that higher parental pressure to eat score is associated with higher EAH intake, whereas a negative correlation indicates that higher parental pressure to eat score is associated with lower EAH intake.

Correlation between the parental restriction score and child EAH intake

Child EAH intake will be measured as the amount of snacks consumed during the EAH paradigm (0-2,400 kcal).

Parental restriction score will be assessed using the restriction subscale of the Structure and Control in Parent Feeding (SCPF) Questionnaire, with scores ranging from 1-5. Lower scores indicate less parental restriction, while higher scores indicate greater parental restriction.

The correlation between child EAH intake and parental restriction score will be assessed. A positive correlation indicates that higher parental restriction score is associated with higher EAH intake, whereas a negative correlation indicates that higher parental restricton score is associated with lower EAH intake.