Predictors of Rates of Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria

July 8, 2014 updated by: Virginia Commonwealth University

Predictors of Rates of Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria in a Consortium of Academic Medical Center Hospitals.

Antibiotic resistance in gram-negative bacteria continues to increase in US hospitals. This comes at a time when there are few new drugs in development that are active for these resistant organisms. The implication is that we must learn to use the drugs that we have more wisely and develop new strategies that will preserve existing agents. Antimicrobial "stewardship" programs are one strategy that many hospitals are adopting to improve the quality of antimicrobial use. The goal of this project is to develop a consortium of US academic medical centers that will allow characterization of the relationships between antibiotic use and rates of resistance for gram-negative pathogens, and to help hospital devise new strategies that will modify antibiotic use and possibly delay or reduce resistance.

The specific hypotheses are:

  • Hospitals with established or emerging resistance in gram-negative pathogens, including extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing organisms, carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE)and carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa have a different pattern of antimicrobial drug use compared to hospitals with fewer of these organisms.
  • Hospital use of ertapenem is not associated with the rates of carbapenem-resistant organisms.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Detailed Description

Antibacterial drug use

Systemic antibacterial drug use in adult inpatients discharged between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2010 was obtained from patient-level billing records. These data were aggregated and reported for each hospital as days of therapy per 1000 patient days (DOT/1000PD) as previously described [10]. Any dose of an antibiotic received by a patient during a 24 hour period is counted as one DOT. For example, administration of imipenem/cilastatin 1000 mg every 8 hours, or administration of 500mg every 6 hours, is counted as one DOT. We have recently reported advantages of measuring antibiotic use by DOTs versus the metric usually recommended, the Defined Daily Dose (DDD) [12].

Antimicrobial susceptibility

In year 2009 we requested the annual cumulative hospital antibiograms from the 50 hospitals for the years in which we had carbapenem drug use. The contact at each hospital was usually the antimicrobial stewardship pharmacist, but may also have included the infectious diseases physician(s), clinical microbiologist or infection control practitioner. We utilized antibiograms with a full calendar year of susceptibility reported for all clinical isolates (at least 30 isolates), the total number of isolates and the proportion of resistant isolates.

All hospitals received an on-line survey requesting additional information regarding susceptibility testing methods and antibiogram construction. We used the secure survey instruments provided by REDCap (Research electronic data capture; www.project-redcap.com) to send and compile survey responses. Specifically we inquired about the inclusion/exclusion of duplicate clinical isolates in the antibiogram, method(s) of susceptibility testing, policy regarding surveillance cultures and we attempted to verify that Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) interpretative breakpoints were used for all years. As recommended by Schwaber we recorded both proportions and rates of carbapenem resistant P. aeruginosa [13]. The resistant proportion was the number of resistant isolates divided by total number of isolates, and the resistant incidence rate was the number of resistant isolates per 1000 adult patient days (PD).

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

36

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Virginia
      • Richmond, Virginia, United States, 23298
        • Virginia Commonwealth University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Hospitalized adult patients

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Aggregated data from adult inpatients

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Children

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Observational Models: Ecologic or Community
  • Time Perspectives: Retrospective

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Time Frame
Relationship of ertapenem use and carbapenem resistant P. aeruginosa
Time Frame: 2006-2011
2006-2011

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Virginia Commonwealth University

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Ron E Polk, Pharm.D., Virginia Commonwealth University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

February 1, 2010

Primary Completion (Actual)

May 1, 2013

Study Completion (Actual)

May 1, 2013

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

February 23, 2010

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 23, 2010

First Posted (Estimate)

February 24, 2010

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

July 9, 2014

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 8, 2014

Last Verified

July 1, 2014

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

  • PT104983

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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