Acupressure for Insomnia (AcuSnooze)

Acupressure for Chronic Insomnia in Adults With Chronic Low Back Pain

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of 6-weeks of relaxation acupressure compared to stimulating acupressure or a standard of care on sleep and daytime functioning. Also, to evaluate the ability of teaching acupressure using web-based applications.

It is believed that self-administered relaxation acupressure will result in improvements of sleep quality and quantity as compared to stimulating acupressure or a standard of care.

Study Overview

• Status: Terminated
• Conditions: Insomnia
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Relaxation Acupressure; Behavioral: Stimulating Acupressure

Detailed Description

Insomnia is a significant health problem and is associated with increased mental health issues: It is estimated that 9% to 15% of the adult population suffers from chronic insomnia. These estimates are considerably higher in primary care where from 20% to 33% suffer from chronic insomnia. Insomnia adversely affects psychological, physical and occupational functioning and places a significant burden on society. Moreover, several cohort studies have found that people with insomnia have significantly higher absenteeism at work, report poor self-esteem, less job satisfaction, and less efficiency at work compared to good sleepers.

Acupressure is a TCM technique based on a philosophy similar to that of acupuncture (the placement and stimulation of very fine needles into acupuncture points). Acupressure involves placing physical pressure by fingers, thumb, elbow, or with the aid of various devices such as pencil erasers on different acupuncture points (acupoints). Depending on the date of the review and the inclusion criteria, e.g., searched in Chinese language databases, there are anywhere from 7^12 to 4^68 randomized clinical trials (RCT) of various types of acupuncture (inclusive of acupressure) for treating insomnia. Regardless of the review the conclusions are remarkably consistent. Mainly, that the majority of RCTs demonstrated that acupuncture was significantly more effective than BDZs, sleep hygiene counseling, no treatment and sham acupuncture for treating insomnia.

The investigators will attempt to prove that self-administered Relaxation Acupressure (RA) will result in improvements in measures of sleep quality and quantity, compared to Stimulating Acupressure (SA) and a wait list control (WL). Also, that they will be able to teach the acupressure points using a web-based application.

Participants will be randomized into 1 of 3 arms; RA, SA, or WL (standard of care). If randomized into one of the acupressure arms, the participants will view their appropriate acupressure training lesson online and be tested on their understanding. They will also be asked to perform their acupoints once per day for a total of 6 weeks.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 5
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Michigan
    • Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48105
      • Domino's Farm

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• 18-65 years of age
• Meet DSM-IV criteria for primary insomnia
• Insomnia must also be documented on two weeks of a baseline sleep diary

Exclusion Criteria:

• Diagnosis or high clinical suspicion of a sleep disorder other than insomnia
• Evidence of a unstable Axis I psychiatric disorder
• Evidence of an uncontrolled medical disorder or pain syndrome that affects sleep, causes daytime sleepiness, or is likely to be causally associated with the insomnia
• Current pharmacological or non-pharmacological insomnia treatment
• Routine overnight shift work
• Previous failed trial of acupuncture or acupressure

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
No Intervention: Standard of Care; Participants will be asked to continue doing whatever their healthcare providers advise for their insomnia, but not to start any new treatments during the study. They will also be given a sleep hygiene handout as a standard of care. After six weeks, they will be reassessed and then provided the opportunity to engage in the web-based acupressure intervention.
Active Comparator: Relaxation Acupressure; In addition to being given a sleep hygiene handout as a standard of care, participants will be asked to apply pressure on each of following points (bilaterally where indicated). There are 5 acupoints with 4 of the acupoints performed on both the left and the right sides of the body giving a total of 9 points to stimulate. Each of the 9 acupoints will be stimulated for 3 minutes per point giving a total treatment time of 27 minutes done once daily.	Behavioral: Relaxation Acupressure; Apply pressure (stimulate) to the 9 acupoints for 3 minutes per point giving a total treatment time of 27 minutes done once daily for a period of 6 weeks.
Active Comparator: Stimulating Acupressure; In addition to being given a sleep hygiene handout as a standard of care, participants will be asked to apply pressure on each of following points (bilaterally where indicated). There are 6 acupoints with 4 of the acupoints performed on both the left and the right sides of the body giving a total of 10 points to stimulate. Each of the 10 acupoints will be stimulated for 3 minutes per point giving a total treatment time of 30 minutes done once daily.	Behavioral: Stimulating Acupressure; Apply pressure (stimulate) to the 10 excitatory acupoints for 3 minutes per point giving a total treatment time of 30 minutes done once daily for a period of 6 weeks.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Difference in the effect of 6-weeks of Relaxation Acupressure compared to Stimulating Acupressure or standard of care on chronic insomnia and daytime functioning.	Insomnia will be assessed/determined by daily sleep/wake diaries and the Insomnia Severity Index questionnaire. Sleep Diary: insomnia = <85% sleep efficiency ratio. Daytime functioning will be determined by the Fatigue Severity Scale of Sleep Disorders (FSS).	6 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Success of teaching the acupressure interventions using a novel web-based application measured by an Acupressure Fidelity Form at week 1 and week 6.	The success of learning acupressure via a web-based application will be assessed using an Acupressure Fidelity Form. The form will assess the participants ability to locate each acupressure point, demonstrate proper pressure/technique, and know the frequency of their treatments. Acupressure Form A is worth a total of 12 points while Form B is worth 13 points. Each correct answer is worth 1 point. We will consider our web based intervention "successful" if 95% of participants (49 of them) received a score of 100% at both visits.	6 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Michigan
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Suzanna M Zick, ND, MPH, , Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan; Principal Investigator: Richard E Harris, PhD, , Departments of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): June 15, 2011
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 15, 2013
• Study Completion (Actual): December 15, 2013

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 16, 2011
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 20, 2011
• First Posted (Estimate): June 22, 2011

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): February 6, 2017
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 2, 2017
• Last Verified: February 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Insomnia; Acupressure; Sleep Disorders
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Nervous System Diseases; Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic; Dyssomnias; Sleep Wake Disorders; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
• Other Study ID Numbers: OVPR-235500