Effects of Learning and Food Form on Intake in Humans

October 14, 2015 updated by: Richard Mattes, Purdue University

Due to the rising incidence of obesity, much emphasis has been placed on identifying mechanisms of increased energy intake. At this point, the mechanisms responsible for the recent increase in obesity prevalence have not been thoroughly examined. Pre-ingestive influences, such as cognitive factors, may play a larger role in creating an energy surplus than previously thought. Expectations about the satiating effect of a food may override the post-ingestive influences in dictating further consumption. In addition, obese individuals may exhibit a decreased compensatory response to foods as compared to lean individuals.

Understanding the effects of energy content, food form, and learning on satiation, satiety, and energy intake will allow for a greater understanding of the mechanisms of energy imbalance as a whole. Food choice is dictated by sensory properties and post-ingestive effects. By utilizing foods with similar sensory properties, the acquired knowledge derived from ingesting these foods can be monitored by analyzing subsequent intake at the same meal and at subsequent eating occurrences. It is hypothesized that the liquid food form will elicit weaker dietary compensation; that is, energy intake at other eating events will not be adjusted to compensate for that food. In addition, it is posited that the lower energy food will cause lower compensation postprandially. By having participants consume the same test food daily over a two week learning period, it is thought that they will show improved dietary compensation when the initial testing is repeated due to learned associations between food properties and metabolism.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

No expansion provided.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Anticipated)

120

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Indiana
      • W. Lafayette, Indiana, United States, 47907
        • Purdue Univeristy

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 50 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Weight stable (<3 kg weight change within last 3 months)
  • Constant habitual activity patterns (no deviation > 1x/wk at 30 min/session within last 3 months)
  • Constant habitual diet patterns within last 3 months
  • Willingness to eat a chocolate-flavored snack at test sessions and two week training period
  • No allergies to any test foods
  • Not planning to change use of medications known to influence appetite or metabolism
  • Not diabetic
  • No history of GI pathology
  • Non-smoker for one year or more

Exclusion Criteria:

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Basic Science
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Energy dense beverage
Metabolic effects of consuming energy dense beverages before and after regular consumption
Behavioral: Metabolic effects of consuming energy dense beverages
Consumption of energy dense beverages for 2 weeks and monitoring physiological responses
Experimental: Energy dense solid food form
Metabolic effects of consuming energy dense solid foods before and after regular exposure.
Behavioral: energy dense solid food
Effects of consuming energy dense solid food for two weeks on physiological responses
Experimental: Eenergy dilute beverages
Metabolic effects of consumption of energy dilute beverages on a regular basis.
Behavioral: Energy dilute beverages
Effects of consuming energy dilute beverages for two weeks on physiological responses.
Experimental: Energy dilute solid food form
Metabolic effects of consuming energy dilute sold foods before and after regular exposure.
Behavioral: Energy dilute solid food
Effects of consuming energy dilute solid food for two weeks on physiological responses

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
energy intake
Time Frame: 12 weeks
Energy consumed over 12 weeks of intervention.
12 weeks
dietary compensation
Time Frame: 12 weeks
spontaneous dietary adjustment in response to intervention
12 weeks
appetite
Time Frame: 12 weeks
Effects of intervention on appetitive sensation such as hunger and fullness
12 weeks
effects of learning on energy intake
Time Frame: 12 weeks
The effects of learning based on exposure to products that are high or low in energy and liquid or solid
12 weeks
Effects of food form on energy intake
Time Frame: 12 weeks
The effects of food form on energy intake before and after chronic exposure to foods varying in food form and energy density
12 weeks
Effects of BMI on sensory learning
Time Frame: 12 weeks
The effects of BMI on appetite, energy intake and dietary compensation
12 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Effects of personality traits on appetite, energy intake and compensation
Time Frame: 12 weeks
Effects of personality traits related to feeding on appetite, energy intake and compensation following exposure to foods of different physical form, energy density and before and after learning.
12 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Purdue University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

September 1, 2011

Primary Completion (Actual)

September 1, 2013

Study Completion (Actual)

May 1, 2015

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

December 5, 2011

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

December 9, 2011

First Posted (Estimate)

December 12, 2011

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

October 15, 2015

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

October 14, 2015

Last Verified

October 1, 2015

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • R01DK079913-3
  • R01DK079913 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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