PNOC 001: Phase II Study of Everolimus for Recurrent or Progressive Low-grade Gliomas in Children

This is an open label study of everolimus in children with recurrent or progressive low-grade glioma.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Pediatric Recurrent Progressive Low-grade Gliomas; Pediatric Progressive Low-grade Gliomas
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Everolimus

Detailed Description

This is an open label study of everolimus in children with recurrent or progressive low-grade glioma. All patients will receive everolimus at a dose of 5 mg/m2/dose daily. An adaptive Simon two-stage design for phase 2 studies of targeted therapies will be used to assess the efficacy primary objective. The proposed treatment with everolimus will be deemed not worthy of further investigation in this patient population if the true PFS at 6-months (PFS6) is less than 50%. If in the first stage, with a combined sample size of 25, there is preliminary evidence to suggest efficacy of everolimus is restricted to patients with PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation as measured by p-S6 positivity, a total of 45 patients will be enrolled and the design will have 81% statistical power to detect a true disease stabilization rate ≥70%. If in the first stage there is preliminary evidence to suggest efficacy of everolimus is independent of PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation, a total of 65 patients will be enrolled and the design will have >95% statistical power to detect a true disease stabilization rate ≥70%.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 65
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • California
    • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90027
      • Children's Hospital Los Angeles
    • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90027
      • University of California, Los Angeles
    • Oakland, California, United States, 94609
      • Children's Hospital Oakland
    • San Diego, California, United States, 92123
      • University of California, San Diego Rady Children's Hospital
    • San Francisco, California, United States, 94158
      • University of California, San Francisco
  • District of Columbia
    • Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States, 20010
      • Children's National Medical Center
  • Florida
    • Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32611
      • University of Florida
  • Illinois
    • Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60611
      • Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago
  • Maryland
    • Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21218
      • Johns Hopkins University
  • Massachusetts
    • Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02215
      • Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
  • Minnesota
    • Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, 55404
      • Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minneapolis
  • Missouri
    • St Louis, Missouri, United States, 63130
      • St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University
  • Ohio
    • Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43205
      • Nationwide Children's Hospital
  • Oregon
    • Portland, Oregon, United States, 97239
      • Oregon Health & Science University
  • Pennsylvania
    • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104
      • The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
  • Tennessee
    • Memphis, Tennessee, United States, 38105
      • St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
  • Utah
    • Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, 84112
      • University of Utah
  • Washington
    • Seattle, Washington, United States, 98195
      • University of Washington, Seattle

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 3 years to 21 years (Child, Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

--Patients must have radiographic progressive or recurrent confirmed world health organization (WHO) grade I or II astrocytomas, that was confirmed histologically. Progressive or recurrent disease should be based on MRI according to the definition below.

Eligible histologies:

• Pilocytic Astrocytoma - 90600112
• Astrocytoma, Low Grade (Fibrillary astrocytoma, WHO Grade 2) - 10065886

• Astrocytoma, Low Grade (Low-grade Astrocytoma, not otherwise specified (NOS), WHO Grade 2) - 10003571

  • Tissue from the initial diagnosis or recurrence must be made available for correlative testing.
  • Patients must have measurable disease, defined as at least one lesion that can be accurately measured in at least two dimensions on MRI.
  • Patients may have had treatment (chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy) for any number of relapses prior to this recurrence.
  • Patients must have received their last dose of myelosuppressive anticancer chemotherapy at least three (3) weeks prior to study registration or at least six (6)weeks of nitrosourea.
  • Patients must have received their last dose of other investigational or biological agent > 7 days prior to study entry.

For agents that have known adverse events occurring beyond 7 days after administration, this period should be extended beyond the time during which adverse events are known to occur. This should be discussed with the study chair.

• If patients received prior monoclonal antibody treatment, at least three half-lives must be elapsed by the time of treatment initiation. These patients should also be discussed with the study chair.

• Patients must have received their last fraction of craniospinal or focal radiation to primary tumor or other sites >12 weeks (3 months) prior to registration.

  --Age ≥3 and ≤21 years.

• Because no dosing or adverse event data are currently available on the use of everolimus in patients <3 years of age, these young children are excluded from this study.

  • Life expectancy of greater than 8 weeks.
  • Patients must be able to swallow pills.
  • Patient must have a Karnofsky (if ≥ 16 years of age) or Lansky Performance score (if ≤ 16 years of age) of ≥50 by the time of registration.
  • Patients must have adequate bone marrow function (ANC ≥ 1,000/mm3, platelet count of ≥ 100,000/mm3, and hemoglobin ≥ 9 gm/dL) before starting therapy. Eligibility level for hemoglobin may be reached by transfusion.
  • International Normalized Ratio (INR) ≤1.5. (Anticoagulation is allowed if target INR ≤ 1.5 on a stable dose of warfarin or on a stable dose of low molecular weight (LMW) heparin for >2 weeks at time of randomization).
  • Patients must have adequate liver function (SGPT/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤ 2.5 times ULN and bilirubin ≤ 1.5 times ULN) before starting therapy.
  • Patients must have adequate renal function (serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 times institutional ULN for age or Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥ 70 ml/min/1.73 m2) before starting therapy.
  • Patients must have cholesterol level <350 mg/dL and triglycerides < 400 mg/dL before starting therapy. In case one or both of these are exceeded, the patient can only be included after initiation of appropriate lipid lowering medication and documentation of cholesterol < 350mg/dL and triglycerides < 400mg/dl before start of therapy.
  • Patients must have normal pulmonary function testing for age based on pulse oximetry.
  • The effects of everolimus on the developing human fetus at the recommended therapeutic dose are unknown. For this reason and because everolimus are known to be teratogenic, women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately.
  • Female patients of child bearing potential must not be breastfeeding or pregnant as evidenced by a negative pregnancy test.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with primary spinal cord tumors
• Patients receiving concomitant medication that may interfere with study outcome. For example, patients cannot be on enzyme inducing anticonvulsants like phenytoin.
• Patients should not receive immunization with attenuated live vaccines within one week of study entry or during study period. Close contact with those who have received attenuated live vaccines should be avoided during treatment with everolimus. Examples of live vaccines include intranasal influenza, measles, mumps, rubella, oral polio, bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), yellow fever, varicella and TY21a typhoid vaccines
• Hepatitis B/C blood test must be done at screening for all patients. Patients who test positive for Hepatitis C antibodies and the Hepatitis B antigen are ineligible.
• A known history of HIV seropositivity. HIV-positive patients on combination antiretroviral therapy are ineligible because of the potential for pharmacokinetic interactions with everolimus. In addition, these patients are at increased risk of lethal infections when treated with marrow-suppressive therapy.
• Patients receiving chronic, systemic treatment with corticosteroids or another immunosuppressive agent. Topical or inhaled corticosteroids are allowed.
• Patients may not have therapy for this recurrence (including radiation).
• Patients who do not have measurable disease on MRI.
• Patients who have been previously treated with an mTOR inhibitor.
• Patients with a known hypersensitivity to everolimus or other rapamycins (e.g. sirolimus, temsirolimus).
• Patients receiving any other concurrent anticancer or investigational therapy.
• Patients with any clinically significant unrelated systemic illness that would compromise the patient's ability to tolerate protocol therapy.
• Impairment of gastrointestinal function or gastrointestinal disease that may significantly alter the absorption of everolimus (e.g., ulcerative disease, uncontrolled nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, malabsorption syndrome or small bowel resection.
• Patients with inability to return for follow-up visits to assess toxicity to therapy.
• Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements.
• Patients with a history of any other cancer (except non-melanoma skin cancer or carcinoma in situ of the cervix), unless in complete remission and off of all therapy for that disease for a minimum of 3 years.

Note: A detailed assessment of Hepatitis B/C medical history and risk factors must be done at screening for all patients. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) RNA Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing are required at screening for all patients with a positive medical history based on risk factors and/or confirmation of prior HBV/HCV infection.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

Experimental: Everolimus; Everolimus tablet will be taken daily by mouth with water. Twenty-eight days will constitute one course and subsequent courses will immediately follow with no break in the administration of the drug. Dosing is based on the body surface area (BSA) calculated at the beginning of each course of therapy. Patients will also be provided with a drug diary for everolimus. The maximum time on study is 24-months, but if there is no disease progression or adverse events, the patient may speak with a doctor about continuing the treatment off-study.

Drug: Everolimus; Everolimus tablet will be taken daily by mouth with water. All participants will be given a dose of 5 mg/m2/dose daily.; Other Names: Afinitor; Zortress

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Percentage of Participants With Progression Free Survival at 6 Months	Response was be determined by bi-dimensional diameters. RECIST criteria will be collected and used for secondary evaluation. Patients will have brain MRI scans with and without gadolinium performed prior to therapy, after every second course in the first year, after every third course in the second year, and at the End of Study visit (if not done within prior 3 months). Spine MRIs should be performed prior to therapy and at the same time points as standard brain MRIs if clinically indicated.	Up to 6 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Median Progression Free Survival in Recurrent Pediatric Low-grade Glioma (LGGs)	Progression free survival will be calculated from date of first treatment to the date of first observation of progressive disease, non-reversible neurological progression or increasing steroid requirements (applies to stable disease only), death due to any cause, or early discontinuation of treatment	Up to 5 years
Proportion of Participants With Objective Response	The proportion of participants who demonstrated a complete or partial response as defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1 Criteria where Complete Response (CR) is defined as the complete disappearance of all known disease for >=8 weeks. Complete response is dated from time all lesions have disappeared on a stable or decreasing dose of corticosteroids. A Partial Response (PR) is a reduction of at least 50% in the size of all measurable tumor as quantitated by sum of the products of the largest diameters (SLD) of measurable lesions and maintained for >=8 weeks on a stable or decreasing dose of corticosteroids. Partial response is dated from the time of first observation. Overall response also takes into account the response in both the target and non-target lesion, and the appearance of new lesions, where applicable and depend on the achievement of both measurement and confirmation criteria.	Up to 6 months
Median Overall Survival From Time of Diagnosis	Overall survival in participants with recurrent pediatric low-grade glioma (LGGs) will be calculated from date of original diagnoses to death using Kaplan Meier method. Median time to death and 95% confidence interval will be reported.	Up to 5 years
Median Overall Survival From Time of Enrollment	Overall survival in participants with recurrent pediatric low-grade glioma (LGGs) will be calculated from date of study registration to death using Kaplan Meier method. Median time to death and 95% confidence interval will be reported.	Up to 5 years

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of California, San Francisco
• Collaborators: Novartis Pharmaceuticals; Pacific Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Consortium; The Pediatric Low Grade Astrocytoma (PLGA) Foundation
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Sabine Mueller, MD, University of California, San Francisco; Study Chair: Daphne Haas-Kogan, MD, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Haas-Kogan DA, Aboian MS, Minturn JE, Leary SES, Abdelbaki MS, Goldman S, Elster JD, Kraya A, Lueder MR, Ramakrishnan D, von Reppert M, Liu KX, Rokita JL, Resnick AC, Solomon DA, Phillips JJ, Prados M, Molinaro AM, Waszak SM, Mueller S. Everolimus for Children With Recurrent or Progressive Low-Grade Glioma: Results From the Phase II PNOC001 Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2024 Feb 1;42(4):441-451. doi: 10.1200/JCO.23.01838. Epub 2023 Nov 17.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): December 13, 2012
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 31, 2020
• Study Completion (Actual): July 31, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 21, 2012
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 21, 2012
• First Posted (Estimated): November 27, 2012

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimated): September 9, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 5, 2025
• Last Verified: September 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: everolimus; mTOR inhibition; pediatric recurrent progressive low-grade gliomas; pediatric progressive low-grade gliomas
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; Disease Attributes; Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial; Neuroectodermal Tumors; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue; Recurrence; Glioma; Organic Chemicals; Macrolides; Lactones; Sirolimus; Everolimus
• Other Study ID Numbers: 120817; NCI-2012-02774 (Registry Identifier: NCI Clinical Trials Reporting Program (CTRP))

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No