Bioavailability of Phenolic Compounds in Bread

December 1, 2015 updated by: Daniele Del Rio, University of Parma

Bioavailability of Phenolic Compounds in Wholegrain Bread Compared With White Bread Enriched With Aleurone Fraction

The consumption of wholemeal cereals has been associated with the reduction of several chronic diseases. The mechanisms behind these protective effects may be linked, besides dietary fiber and micronutrients, to an increased intake of phenolic compounds, mainly, hydroxycinnamates contained in the bran. Among bran fractions, aleurone usually contains the highest concentration of ferulic acid, principally contained as monomeric form and diferulic acid esters linked to arabinoxylans, representing the most relevant subclasses. The aim of the study was to evaluate the absorption of hydroxycinnamates by measuring the urinary excretion of phenolic metabolites in humans fed with two different kind of a commercial bread, as wholegrain bread and a white bread enriched with aleurone fraction. Moreover, the pharmacokinetics of the main phenolic compounds was also evaluated by measuring the circulating metabolites in plasma samples.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

15

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Italy
      • Parma, Italy, 43125
        • University of Parma - Department of Food Science

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 30 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • BMI 18-25 kg/m2

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding
  • diagnosis of celiac disease
  • diagnosed methabolic diseases (diabetes and disorders of glycaemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia)
  • sustained use of nutritional supplements of vitamins, in particular E and C, at the recruitment step
  • chronic pharmacological therapy
  • antibiotic therapy during the last 40 days

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: WHOLEGRAIN BREAD
Subjects feed with wholegrain bread, for which ferulic acid content has been quantified.
Other: Bread
In each arm subjects consume bread
Active Comparator: WHITE BREAD WITH ALEURONE - 4
Subjects feed with white bread with aleurone fraction in the same portion as wholegrain bread.
Other: Bread
In each arm subjects consume bread
Active Comparator: WHITE BREAD WITH ALEURONE - 8
Subjects feed with white bread with aleurone fraction, which contains the same quantity of ferulic acid as wholegrain bread.
Other: Bread
In each arm subjects consume bread

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Phenolic compound bioavailability in wholegrain bread compared with bread enriched with aleurone fraction (urine samples will be filtered and diluted and phenolic compound metabolites will be identified)
Time Frame: 0h; 0-3h; 3-6h; 6-10h; 10-14h; 14-24h; 24-28h; 28-34h; 34-48h.

Volunteers will collect urine before consuming bread (T0) and for 48 hours after the consumption of the meal test, in each study arms. Urine samples will be collected and stored at -80°C until uHPLC/MS analysis. Prior analysis, urine samples will be filtered and diluted and phenolic compound metabolites will be identified.

Expected Metabolites:

Coumaric acid, Hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, Hippuric acid, Enterolactone, Enterodiol, Coumaric acid sulphate, Phenylpropionic acid sulphate, Vanillic acid sulphate, Hydroxyphenylpropionic acid sulphate, Ferulic acid sulphate, Dihydroferulic acid sulphate, Hydroxyphenylpropionic acid glucuronide, Ferulic acid glucuronide, Enterolactone sulphate, Enterodiol sulphate, Enterolactone glucuronide, Enterodiol glucuronide.
0h; 0-3h; 3-6h; 6-10h; 10-14h; 14-24h; 24-28h; 28-34h; 34-48h.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Phenolic compound pharmacokinetics in wholegrain bread compared with bread enriched with aleurone fraction (metabolites identified in Plasma samples that will be collected prior (T0) and after bread consumption in each study arms.)
Time Frame: 0h; 0.5h; 1h; 2h; 4h; 7h; 24h.

Plasma samples will be collected prior (T0) and after bread consumption in each study arms.

Expected Metabolites:

Coumaric acid, Hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, Hippuric acid, Enterolactone, Enterodiol, Coumaric acid sulphate, Phenylpropionic acid sulphate, Vanillic acid sulphate, Hydroxyphenylpropionic acid sulphate, Ferulic acid sulphate, Dihydroferulic acid sulphate, Hydroxyphenylpropionic acid glucuronide, Ferulic acid glucuronide, Enterolactone sulphate, Enterodiol sulphate, Enterolactone glucuronide, Enterodiol glucuronide.
0h; 0.5h; 1h; 2h; 4h; 7h; 24h.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

University of Parma

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Daniele Del Rio, Professor, University of Parma

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

December 1, 2014

Primary Completion (Actual)

June 1, 2015

Study Completion (Actual)

July 1, 2015

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

January 27, 2015

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 30, 2015

First Posted (Estimate)

February 2, 2015

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

December 2, 2015

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

December 1, 2015

Last Verified

December 1, 2015

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

  • DDR-001

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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