- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT02968888
Anabolic Effects of Whey and Casein After Strength Training in Young and Elderly
Effects of Whey and Casein Supplementation on Acute Anabolic Responses in Muscle After Strength Training in Young and Elderly
Study Overview
Status
Detailed Description
Increasing or maintaining muscle mass is of great importance for populations ranging from athletes to patients and elderly. Resistance exercise and protein ingestion are two of the most potent stimulators of muscle protein synthesis. Both the physical characteristic of proteins (e.g. different digestion rates of whey and casein) and the amino acid composition, affects the potential of a certain protein to stimulate muscle protein synthesis. Given its superior ability to rapidly increase blood leucine concentrations to high levels, whey is often considered the most potent protein source to stimulate muscle protein synthesis. Native whey protein is produced by filtration of unprocessed milk. Consequently, native whey has different characteristics than WPC-80, which is exposed to heating and acidification. Because of the direct filtration of unprocessed milk, native whey is a more intact protein compared with WPC-80. Of special interest is the higher amounts of the highly anabolic amino acid leucine in native whey.
The higher levels of leucine can be of great interest for elderly individuals as some studies in elderly has shown an anabolic resistance to the effects of protein feeding and strength training. By increasing levels of leucine one might overcome this anabolic resistance in the elderly.
The aim of this double-blinded, randomized, partial cross-over study is to compare the acute fractional protein synthesis and intracellular signaling response to a bout of strength training and intake of 20 grams of protein from either native whey, whey protein concentrate 80 or milk, in young and old individuals. Furthermore, the investigators wil investigate fractional protein breakdown, markers of protein breakdown, amino acid concentrations in blood.
The investigators hypothesize that native whey will induce a greater anabolic response than whey protein concentrate 80, and that whey protein concentrate 80 will give a stronger anabolic response than milk.
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
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Oslo, Norway, 0863
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences
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-
Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Healthy in the sense that they can conduct training and testing
- Able to understand Norwegian language written and oral
- Between 18 and 45, or above 70 years of age
Exclusion Criteria:
- Diseases or injuries contraindicating participation
- Use of dietary supplements (e.g. proteins, vitamins and creatine)
- Lactose intolerance
- Allergy to milk
- Allergy towards local anesthetics (xylocain)
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Basic Science
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
- Masking: Triple
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Placebo Comparator: Milk
Participants performed a bout of strength training and consumed 20g of milk protein
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Experimental: Whey protein concentrate 80
Participants performed a bout of strength training and consumed 20g of whey protein concentrate 80
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Experimental: Native whey
Participants performed a bout of strength training and consumed 20g of native whey
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What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Mixed muscle fractional synthetic rate
Time Frame: Three to one hours prior to a bout of strength training and protein consumption
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A continous infusion of a stable isotope (phe D5) is used to measure incorporation of tracer into muscle (biopsies from m. vastus lateralis)
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Three to one hours prior to a bout of strength training and protein consumption
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Mixed muscle fractional synthetic rate
Time Frame: One to five hours after a bout of strength training and protein consumption
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A continous infusion of a stable isotope (phe D5) is used to measure incorporation of tracer into muscle (biopsies from m. vastus lateralis)
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One to five hours after a bout of strength training and protein consumption
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Mixed muscle fractional synthetic rate
Time Frame: From three to five hours after a bout of strength training and protein consumption
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Two boluses of tracer (phe13C6 and phe15N) was used to measure incorporation of tracer into muscle (biopsies from m. vastus lateralis)
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From three to five hours after a bout of strength training and protein consumption
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Mixed muscle fractional breakdown rate
Time Frame: From three to five hours after a bout of strength training and protein consumption
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Two boluses of tracer (phe13C6 and phe15N) was used to measure the dilution of tracer in muscle (biopsies from m. vastus lateralis)
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From three to five hours after a bout of strength training and protein consumption
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Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Ratio of phosphorylated to total ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1(P70S6K) change from baseline
Time Frame: 30 min before, 1, 2.5 and 5 hours after training and protein intake
|
Biopsies from m. Vastus Lateralis was analyzed by western blot
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30 min before, 1, 2.5 and 5 hours after training and protein intake
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Phosphorylation of phosphorylated to total eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF-2) change from baseline
Time Frame: 30 min before, 1, 2.5 and 5 hours after training and protein intake
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Biopsies from m. Vastus Lateralis was analyzed by western blot
|
30 min before, 1, 2.5 and 5 hours after training and protein intake
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Phosphorylation of phosphorylated to total eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP-1) change from baseline
Time Frame: 30 min before, 1, 2.5 and 5 hours after training and protein intake
|
Biopsies from m. Vastus Lateralis was analyzed by western blot
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30 min before, 1, 2.5 and 5 hours after training and protein intake
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Intracellular translocation of forkhead box O3 (FOXO3a) change from baseline
Time Frame: 30 min before, 1, 2.5 and 5 hours after training and protein intake
|
Biopsies from m. Vastus Lateralis was analyzed by western blot
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30 min before, 1, 2.5 and 5 hours after training and protein intake
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Intracellular translocation of muscle RING-finger protein-1 (Murf-1) change from baseline
Time Frame: 30 min before, 1, 2.5 and 5 hours after training and protein intake
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Biopsies from m. Vastus Lateralis was analyzed by western blot
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30 min before, 1, 2.5 and 5 hours after training and protein intake
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Intracellular translocation of Atrogin1 change from baseline
Time Frame: 30 min before, 1, 2.5 and 5 hours after training and protein intake
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Biopsies from m. Vastus Lateralis was analyzed by western blot
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30 min before, 1, 2.5 and 5 hours after training and protein intake
|
Ubiquitin
Time Frame: 30 min before, 1, 2.5 and 5 hours after training and protein intake
|
Biopsies from m. Vastus Lateralis was analyzed by western blot
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30 min before, 1, 2.5 and 5 hours after training and protein intake
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Plasma amino acid concentration
Time Frame: 180 and 60 min before, and 45, 60, 75, 120, 160, 180, 200, 220 and 300 min after training and protein intake
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180 and 60 min before, and 45, 60, 75, 120, 160, 180, 200, 220 and 300 min after training and protein intake
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Muscle force generating capacity change from baseline
Time Frame: 15 min before, 15 and 300 min after, and 24 hours after training and protein intake
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Measured as unilateral isometric knee extension force (Nm) with 90° in the hip and knee joints.
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15 min before, 15 and 300 min after, and 24 hours after training and protein intake
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Plasma glucose
Time Frame: 180 and 60 min before, and 45, 60, 75, 120, 160, 180, 200, 220 and 300 min after training and protein intake
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180 and 60 min before, and 45, 60, 75, 120, 160, 180, 200, 220 and 300 min after training and protein intake
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Plasma insulin
Time Frame: 180 and 60 min before, and 45, 60, 75, 120, 160, 180, 200, 220 and 300 min after training and protein intake
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180 and 60 min before, and 45, 60, 75, 120, 160, 180, 200, 220 and 300 min after training and protein intake
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Serum urea
Time Frame: 180 and 60 min before, and 60, 10, 180 and 300 min after training and protein intake
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180 and 60 min before, and 60, 10, 180 and 300 min after training and protein intake
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Serum ureic acid
Time Frame: 180 and 60 min before, and 60, 10, 180 and 300 min after training and protein intake
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180 and 60 min before, and 60, 10, 180 and 300 min after training and protein intake
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Serum creatine kinase
Time Frame: 180 and 60 min before, and 60, 10, 180 and 300 min after training and protein intake
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180 and 60 min before, and 60, 10, 180 and 300 min after training and protein intake
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Change in ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCA1) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in ABCA1 mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hous after training and protein intake
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5 hous after training and protein intake
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Change in BRCA1-A complex subunit Abraxas (ABRA1) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in ABRA1 mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in alfa-actin (ACTA1) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in ACTA1 mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in CCL2 mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in C-C motif chemokine 3 (CCL3) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in CCL3 mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in C-C motif chemokine 5 (CCL5) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in CCL5 mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in C-C motif chemokine 8 (CCL8) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in CCL8 mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in platelet glycoprotein 4 (CD36) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in CD36 mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in CH25H mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (CSF3) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in CSF3 mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in C-X-C motif chemokine 16 (CXCL16) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in CXCL16 mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in F-box only protein 32 (FBXO32) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in FBXO32 mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in growth-regulated alpha protein (CXCL1) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in CXCL1 mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in MMP9 mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in FOXO1 mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in forkhead box protein O3 (FOXO3A) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in FOXO3A mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in HGF mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in insulin-like growth factor I (IGF1) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in IGF1 mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in interleukin-10 (IL10) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in IL10 mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in interleukin-17D (IL17D) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in IL17D mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in interleukin-1B (IL1B) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in IL1B mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL1RN) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in IL1RN mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in interleukin-6 (IL6) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in IL6 mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in interleukin-8 (IL8) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in IL8 mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in transcription factor jun-B (JUNB) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in JUNB mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in kit ligand (KITLG) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
|
1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in KITLG mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in myostatin (MSTN) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in MSTN mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in myosin-1 (MYH1) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in MYH1 mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in myosin-2 (MYH2) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in MYH2 mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in myosin-7 (MYH7) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in MYH7 mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in oxysterols receptor LXR-alpha (NR1H3) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in NR1H3 mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3 (NR4A3) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in NR4A3 mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPARGC1A) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in PPARGC1A mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PTGS2) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in PTGS2 mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 (SLC36A1) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in SLC36A1 mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SLC38A2) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in SLC38A2 mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in 4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain (SLC3A2) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in SLC3A2 mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 (SLC7A5) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in SLC7A5 mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in TLR2 mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in TNF mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Change in E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM63 (TRIM63) mRNA
Time Frame: 1 hour after training and protein intake
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1 hour after training and protein intake
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Change in E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM63 (TRIM63) mRNA
Time Frame: 5 hours after training and protein intake
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5 hours after training and protein intake
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Collaborators and Investigators
Publications and helpful links
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start
Primary Completion (Actual)
Study Completion (Actual)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Estimate)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Other Study ID Numbers
- Tine acute
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
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