Systemic Inflammatory Response: Thiamine and Magnesium Status (Sir TaM Study) (SirTaM)

April 27, 2020 updated by: Dr. Donogh Maguire, Glasgow Royal Infirmary

The Relation Between Acute Changes in the Systemic Inflammatory Response, Thiamine and Magnesium Concentrations and Transketolase Activity After Elective Knee Arthroplasty.

We wish to determine to what extent magnesium, thiamine and transketolase activity are affected by the Systemic Inflammatory Response (SIR). The knee arthroplasty model affords the ideal study design, as surgery generates an inflammatory response.

Blood samples are drawn preoperatively and for up to four days post operatively, and again at three months post-operation.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Thiamine and magnesium play a critical role in glucose metabolism and deficiency results in the accumulation of anaerobic metabolites including lactate (1-3).

Thiamine requires magnesium to be converted to its active form, thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) (4). TPP also requires magnesium to achieve activation of TPP dependent enzymes during metabolism of glucose (5, 6). The 'gold standard' for the measurement of thiamine status is the measurement of Erythrocyte Transketolase Activity (ETKA)(4, 7-9), and this enzyme's activity is dependent on the presence both thiamine pyrophosphate and magnesium (8, 10). ETKA may therefore represent a 'functional marker' of magnesium status (7, 9, 11, 12).

Studies indicate that low plasma thiamine and magnesium are associated with a range of disease processes, many of which are inflammatory (13-17). Other lipid-soluble vitamins and minerals are known to decrease during the systemic inflammatory response (18, 19), however this relationship is not proven for magnesium. The systemic inflammatory response may therefore confound the interpretation of plasma thiamine and magnesium in the context of sepsis, surgery or autoimmune disease. Elective knee arthroplasty, provokes an inflammatory response and therefore provides an excellent controlled model for understanding the body's response to a systemic insult (19).

Obesity is reported to be associated with magnesium deficiency (17, 20). Intracellular magnesium plays a key role in regulating insulin action, insulin-mediated-glucose-uptake and vascular tone (21-23). Several epidemiologic studies have shown that adults and children consuming a western type diet are consuming 30 - 50% of the RDA for magnesium (24, 25). This deficiency appears to be predominantly subclinical and therefore not routinely investigated.

Obesity is also associated with thiamine and magnesium depletion (17, 20, 26, 27). Magnesium deficiency is also associated with a CRP rise (28-30). Thiamine status is proven to affect lactate concentrations in the blood (2, 3). Lactate accumulation is known to precede the onset of insulin resistance and be characteristically found in patients with obesity related diabetes (31-37).

It is therefore possible that an underlying quiescent magnesium and / or thiamine deficiency may mediate insulin resistance. Thiamine, and its more lipid soluble derivative, benfothiamine, have already shown some promise in the treatment of diabetic complications. The therapeutic potential is intriguing, however the relation between acute changes in the systemic inflammatory response and thiamine and magnesium concentrations, require clarification. Failure to prove the reliability of the thiamine and magnesium measurements in the context of the systemic inflammatory response may lead to patients receiving treatment for a measured deficiency of red cell thiamine and serum magnesium concentrations, which is unreliable. If the therapeutic potential of combined treatment with thiamine and magnesium for the optimization of ETKA function is to be realized (8), it is essential that the erythrocyte and plasma values used to determine thiamine status are definitively established in the context of the systemic inflammatory response. The knee arthroplasty model affords the ideal study design for this as there is a strong association between obesity and knee osteoarthritis (38, 39).

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  2. Andersen LW, Holmberg MJ, Berg KM, Chase M, Cocchi MN, Sulmonte C, et al. Thiamine as an adjunctive therapy in cardiac surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II trial. Crit Care. 2016;20:92.
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  7. Kochetov GA, Solovjeva ON. Structure and functioning mechanism of transketolase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014;1844(9):1608-18.
  8. Peake RW, Godber IM, Maguire D. The effect of magnesium administration on erythrocyte transketolase activity in alcoholic patients treated with thiamine. Scott Med J. 2013;58(3):139-42.
  9. Sevostyanova IA, Yurshev VA, Solovjeva ON, Zabrodskaya SV, Kochetov GA. Effect of bivalent cations on the interaction of transketolase with its donor substrate. Proteins. 2008;71(2):541-5.
  10. Dingwall KM, Delima JF, Gent D, Batey RG. Hypomagnesaemia and its potential impact on thiamine utilisation in patients with alcohol misuse at the Alice Springs Hospital. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2015;34(3):323-8.
  11. Kochetov GA, Sevostyanova IA. Functional nonequivalence of transketolase active centers. IUBMB Life. 2010;62(11):797-802.
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  13. Liu D, Ke Z, Luo J. Thiamine Deficiency and Neurodegeneration: the Interplay Among Oxidative Stress, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Autophagy. Mol Neurobiol. 2016.
  14. Georgiopoulos G, Chrysohoou C, Vogiatzi G, Magkas N, Bournelis I, Bampali S, et al. Vitamins in Heart Failure: Friend or Enemy? Curr Pharm Des. 2017.
  15. Luong KV, Nguyen LT. The impact of thiamine treatment in the diabetes mellitus. J Clin Med Res. 2012;4(3):153-60.
  16. Lima LF, Leite HP, Taddei JA. Low blood thiamine concentrations in children upon admission to the intensive care unit: risk factors and prognostic significance. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;93(1):57-61.
  17. Nielsen FH. Magnesium, inflammation, and obesity in chronic disease. Nutr Rev. 2010;68(6):333-40.
  18. Ghashut RA, McMillan DC, Kinsella J, Talwar D. Erythrocyte concentrations of B1, B2, B6 but not plasma C and E are reliable indicators of nutrition status in the presence of systemic inflammation. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2017;17:54-62.
  19. Gray A, McMillan DC, Wilson C, Williamson C, O'Reilly DS, Talwar D. The relationship between the acute changes in the systemic inflammatory response, lipid soluble antioxidant vitamins and lipid peroxidation following elective knee arthroplasty. Clin Nutr. 2005;24(5):746-50.
  20. Kerns JC, Arundel C, Chawla LS. Thiamin deficiency in people with obesity. Adv Nutr. 2015;6(2):147-53.
  21. Barbagallo M, Dominguez LJ. Magnesium and type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes. 2015;6(10):1152-7.
  22. Mastrototaro L, Tietjen U, Sponder G, Vormann J, Aschenbach JR, Kolisek M. Insulin Modulates the Na+/Mg2+ Exchanger SLC41A1 and Influences Mg2+ Efflux from Intracellular Stores in Transgenic HEK293 Cells. J Nutr. 2015;145(11):2440-7.
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  33. Jansson PA, Larsson A, Smith U, Lönnroth P. Lactate release from the subcutaneous tissue in lean and obese men. J Clin Invest. 1994;93(1):240-6.
  34. Chen YD, Varasteh BB, Reaven GM. Plasma lactate concentration in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Diabete Metab. 1993;19(4):348-54.
  35. Lovejoy J, Newby FD, Gebhart SS, DiGirolamo M. Insulin resistance in obesity is associated with elevated basal lactate levels and diminished lactate appearance following intravenous glucose and insulin. Metabolism. 1992;41(1):22-7.
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  37. Kreisberg RA, Pennington LF, Boshell BR. Lactate turnover and gluconeogenesis in obesity. Effect of phenformin. Diabetes. 1970;19(1):64-9.
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Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

47

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United Kingdom
      • Glasgow, United Kingdom, G4 0SF
        • Glasgow Royal Infirmary

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 99 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

N/A

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Patients undergoing elective TKR

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • undergoing elective total knee replacement

Exclusion Criteria:

  • taking multivitamin

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Observational Models: Cohort
  • Time Perspectives: Prospective

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Intervention / Treatment
1
Post total knee replacement patients
Diagnostic test: Blood draw
We take blood samples at pre-op and subsequent time points, up to three months post op.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
serum magnesium
Time Frame: three months
blood sample
three months
thiamine
Time Frame: three months
blood sample
three months
erythrocyte transketolase activity
Time Frame: three months
blood sample
three months

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Iron receptor status
Time Frame: three months
blood sample
three months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Glasgow Royal Infirmary

Collaborators

NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

January 15, 2018

Primary Completion (Actual)

June 1, 2019

Study Completion (Actual)

June 1, 2019

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

May 31, 2018

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 31, 2018

First Posted (Actual)

June 13, 2018

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

April 28, 2020

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 27, 2020

Last Verified

April 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • REC reference 17/EE/0270
  • 225557 (Registry Identifier: IRAS)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

No

IPD Plan Description

We will publish anonymised results. No patient identifiable data will be shared.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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