Public Support for COVID-19 Test Allocation
January 7, 2022 updated by: Alison Buttenheim, University of Pennsylvania
Race, Status, Vaccines, Tests, and Place: Public Attitudes and Support for Equitable COVID-19 Vaccine and Test Allocation
In a randomized survey experiment, investigators will assess public support or opposition towards one of three potential government plans for allocating at-home coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) tests to United States residents: 1) first come, first served; 2) a random draw; or 3) a random draw with 20% of tests reserved for disadvantaged areas.
Investigators will also examine public attitudes surrounding other logistical and equity-related aspects of these allocation plans.
Study Overview
Status
Completed
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
Complementing other efforts to increase access to COVID-19 testing in the United States, the federal government recently announced the purchase of 500,000,000 at home COVID-19 to be distributed for free "to Americans that want them".
A central logistical element in matching supply with demand will be a website, on which people will register their interest in getting tests delivered to their home address.
However, it is still unclear how supply will be matched with demand.
Three main candidate options are first come, first served (FCFS), in which people are sent tests in the order in which they make requests; a random draw, such as a lottery; or a combination of a random draw with a guaranteed reserved amount for more disadvantaged populations.
FCFS is a widely known and practiced rationing principle, but it has shown to exacerbate inequities in, for example, the allocation of vaccine appointments.
Random draws can mitigate this impact, but, in the present context, might be insufficiently sensitive to the fact that not everyone has internet access, and that the need for testing is greater among more disadvantaged communities.
Combining a lottery with a disadvantage reserve system using measures such as the CDC's Social Vulnerability Index is a practical way of promoting equity, and it was already used by the majority of US states in allocating vaccines.
The main objective of this study is to assess public support for each of these three allocation plans and describe differences by demographic characteristics.
Investigators will also assess public attitudes toward specific details of these allocation plans.
The study, which is expected to take approximately 5 minutes to complete, will be administered as part of an omnibus online survey.
Study Type
Interventional
Enrollment (Actual)
2019
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.
Study Locations
-
-
District of Columbia
-
Washington, District of Columbia, United States, 20006
- Harris Insights & Analytics
-
-
Participation Criteria
Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Yes
Genders Eligible for Study
All
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Aged 18 years old or older, United States resident
Exclusion Criteria:
- None
Study Plan
This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: Single
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
|---|---|
|
Experimental: First Come, First Served
Respondents will view the following description: "The US government will make 500 million COVID-19 home tests available for free. US residents can ask for tests by entering their home address in a website. It is likely that more people will want tests than will be available. How should the government decide who will receive tests, when there are not enough for all who want them? One plan that is being considered is this one:" Below this statement, respondents will view the "First Come, First Served" plan description. |
Respondents will view the following description of the plan: "Tests will be sent out in the order they are requested.
People who request tests the quickest will get them first, no matter where they live.
People who request tests later may not get any.
This strategy is also known as 'First Come, First Served.'"
|
|
Experimental: Random
Respondents will view the following description: "The US government will make 500 million COVID-19 home tests available for free. US residents can ask for tests by entering their home address in a website. It is likely that more people will want tests than will be available. How should the government decide who will receive tests, when there are not enough for all who want them? One plan that is being considered is this one:" Below this statement, respondents will view the "Random" plan description. |
Respondents will view the following description of the plan: "People who request tests will be entered into a random drawing, like a sweepstakes or lottery.
Everyone who is in the drawing has the same chance of getting tests, no matter where they live, but some people may not get any tests."
|
|
Experimental: Disadvantaged Priority & Random
Respondents will view the following description: "The US government will make 500 million COVID-19 home tests available for free. US residents can ask for tests by entering their home address in a website. It is likely that more people will want tests than will be available. How should the government decide who will receive tests, when there are not enough for all who want them? One plan that is being considered is this one:" Below this statement, respondents will view the "Disadvantaged Priority & Random" plan description. |
Respondents will view the following description of the plan: "Because COVID-19 has hit people living in disadvantaged areas of the country harder, a proportion of tests will be sent exclusively to people in these zip codes.
Planners will allocate 80% of the tests using a random drawing, like a sweepstakes or lottery.
Everyone who is in the drawing has the same chance of getting tests, no matter where they live.
The remaining 20% are set aside exclusively for the most disadvantaged areas, again allocated with a random drawing.
Some people may not get any tests.
But people living in disadvantaged areas are more likely to get them."
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
|
Support for allocation plan
Time Frame: 5 minutes
|
Self-reported degree of support for the plan, measured on a 5-point Likert scale ("strongly oppose" to "strongly support") that will be collapsed into 3 response categories ("oppose," "neutral," and "support") for analysis.
|
5 minutes
|
Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
|
Household-level test allocation preference
Time Frame: 5 minutes
|
Preferred way of sending tests to households, measured as a binary choice between a fixed or variable (based on household size) number of tests per household.
|
5 minutes
|
|
Tests allocated to disadvantaged areas
Time Frame: 5 minutes
|
Self-reported percentage of tests wanted to be sent to disadvantaged areas, measured as a continuous variable on a slider from 0% to 100% with increments of 0.1%.
This outcome will only be measured for respondents in the "Disadvantaged Priority & Random" condition.
|
5 minutes
|
Collaborators and Investigators
This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.
Sponsor
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Alison M Buttenheim, PhD, MBA, UNIVERSITY of PENNSYLVANIA
Study record dates
These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
January 4, 2022
Primary Completion (Actual)
January 6, 2022
Study Completion (Actual)
January 6, 2022
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
January 7, 2022
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
January 7, 2022
First Posted (Actual)
January 11, 2022
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
January 11, 2022
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
January 7, 2022
Last Verified
January 1, 2022
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- 848725
- #84525 (Registry Identifier: AsPredicted)
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
UNDECIDED
IPD Plan Description
Only de-identified individual participant data will be shared by Harris Insights & Analytics to the research team.
Each participant will have a unique identifier to protect their confidentiality.
Only authorized research personnel will have access to the data which will be maintained on encrypted hard-drives.
Individual participant data may be made available to other researchers in an open-access repository.
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
No
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