Dose-Response Interaction of Metoprolol and Sufentanil for Attenuating Hemodynamic Responses in Tracheal Intubation

Dose-Response Interaction of Metoprolol and Sufentanil for Attenuating Hemodynamic Responses in Tracheal Intubation: Prospective Randomized Double-blind Study

This randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical study will evaluate the effects of different dose combinations of intravenous metoprolol and sufentanil on cardiovascular responses during oral endotracheal intubation under general anesthesia.

Endotracheal intubation may cause transient increases in heart rate and blood pressure due to sympathetic stimulation. This study aims to determine whether metoprolol, in combination with different doses of sufentanil, can improve hemodynamic stability during and after intubation.

A total of 900 adult patients aged 18 to 65 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II who are scheduled for elective non-cardiac surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation will be enrolled. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of 30 groups according to the combination of metoprolol dose and sufentanil dose. Metoprolol doses include 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 mg/kg, and sufentanil doses include 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 mcg/kg.

All participants will receive standardized anesthetic induction and maintenance. Hemodynamic changes will be observed for 10 minutes after intubation. The main outcome is the success rate of hemodynamic stability within 0 to 10 minutes after intubation. Secondary outcomes include the incidence of hypotension, hypertension, bradycardia, and tachycardia.

Study Overview

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Conditions: General Anesthesia; Tracheal Intubation
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Sufentanil; Drug: Metoprolol (MET); Drug: Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl)

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 900
• Phase: Phase 4

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Yanhua Guo; Phone Number: +86-18050333902; Email: guoyanhua19@126.com

Study Locations

• China
  • Fujian
    • Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350000
      • Fujian Provincial Hospital
      • Contact: Yanhua Guo; Phone Number: +86-18050333902; Email: guoyanhua19@126.com

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 18 to 65 years.
• American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II.
• Scheduled for elective non-cardiac surgery.
• Planned general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Cardiovascular or respiratory diseases, such as uncontrolled hypertension or bronchial asthma.
• Current use of β-blockers.
• History of chronic drug use or alcohol abuse.
• Hepatic or renal impairment.
• Known allergy to any study drug.
• Anticipated difficult airway.
• Any other condition that may affect the conduct of the study.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Triple

Number of Arms

30

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Metoprolol 0 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.1 mcg/kg	Drug: Sufentanil; Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg. Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.; Drug: Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl); Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction as placebo in a volume matched to the metoprolol intervention. The study drug will be delivered through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and participants assigned to the placebo arm will receive a volume corresponding to the randomized dosing schedule used in the metoprolol groups.
Active Comparator: Metoprolol 0 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.2 mcg/kg	Drug: Sufentanil; Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg. Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.; Drug: Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl); Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction as placebo in a volume matched to the metoprolol intervention. The study drug will be delivered through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and participants assigned to the placebo arm will receive a volume corresponding to the randomized dosing schedule used in the metoprolol groups.
Active Comparator: Metoprolol 0 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.3 mcg/kg	Drug: Sufentanil; Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg. Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.; Drug: Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl); Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction as placebo in a volume matched to the metoprolol intervention. The study drug will be delivered through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and participants assigned to the placebo arm will receive a volume corresponding to the randomized dosing schedule used in the metoprolol groups.
Active Comparator: Metoprolol 0 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.4 mcg/kg	Drug: Sufentanil; Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg. Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.; Drug: Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl); Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction as placebo in a volume matched to the metoprolol intervention. The study drug will be delivered through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and participants assigned to the placebo arm will receive a volume corresponding to the randomized dosing schedule used in the metoprolol groups.
Active Comparator: Metoprolol 0 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.5 mcg/kg	Drug: Sufentanil; Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg. Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.; Drug: Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl); Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction as placebo in a volume matched to the metoprolol intervention. The study drug will be delivered through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and participants assigned to the placebo arm will receive a volume corresponding to the randomized dosing schedule used in the metoprolol groups.
Experimental: Metoprolol 0.1 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.1 mcg/kg	Drug: Sufentanil; Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg. Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.; Drug: Metoprolol (MET); Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg. The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Experimental: Metoprolol 0.1 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.2 mcg/kg	Drug: Sufentanil; Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg. Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.; Drug: Metoprolol (MET); Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg. The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Experimental: Metoprolol 0.1 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.3 mcg/kg	Drug: Sufentanil; Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg. Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.; Drug: Metoprolol (MET); Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg. The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Experimental: Metoprolol 0.1 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.4 mcg/kg	Drug: Sufentanil; Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg. Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.; Drug: Metoprolol (MET); Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg. The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Experimental: Metoprolol 0.1 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.5 mcg/kg	Drug: Sufentanil; Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg. Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.; Drug: Metoprolol (MET); Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg. The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Experimental: Metoprolol 0.2 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.1 mcg/kg	Drug: Sufentanil; Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg. Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.; Drug: Metoprolol (MET); Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg. The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Experimental: Metoprolol 0.2 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.2 mcg/kg	Drug: Sufentanil; Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg. Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.; Drug: Metoprolol (MET); Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg. The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Experimental: Metoprolol 0.2 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.3 mcg/kg	Drug: Sufentanil; Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg. Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.; Drug: Metoprolol (MET); Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg. The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Experimental: Metoprolol 0.2 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.4 mcg/kg	Drug: Sufentanil; Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg. Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.; Drug: Metoprolol (MET); Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg. The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Experimental: Metoprolol 0.2 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.5 mcg/kg	Drug: Sufentanil; Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg. Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.; Drug: Metoprolol (MET); Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg. The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Experimental: Metoprolol 0.3 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.1 mcg/kg	Drug: Sufentanil; Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg. Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.; Drug: Metoprolol (MET); Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg. The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Experimental: Metoprolol 0.3 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.2 mcg/kg	Drug: Sufentanil; Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg. Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.; Drug: Metoprolol (MET); Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg. The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Experimental: Metoprolol 0.3 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.3 mcg/kg	Drug: Sufentanil; Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg. Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.; Drug: Metoprolol (MET); Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg. The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Experimental: Metoprolol 0.3 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.4 mcg/kg	Drug: Sufentanil; Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg. Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.; Drug: Metoprolol (MET); Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg. The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Experimental: Metoprolol 0.3 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.5 mcg/kg	Drug: Sufentanil; Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg. Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.; Drug: Metoprolol (MET); Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg. The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Experimental: Metoprolol 0.4 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.1 mcg/kg	Drug: Sufentanil; Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg. Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.; Drug: Metoprolol (MET); Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg. The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Experimental: Metoprolol 0.4 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.2 mcg/kg	Drug: Sufentanil; Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg. Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.; Drug: Metoprolol (MET); Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg. The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Experimental: Metoprolol 0.4 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.3 mcg/kg	Drug: Sufentanil; Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg. Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.; Drug: Metoprolol (MET); Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg. The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Experimental: Metoprolol 0.4 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.4 mcg/kg	Drug: Sufentanil; Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg. Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.; Drug: Metoprolol (MET); Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg. The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Experimental: Metoprolol 0.4 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.5 mcg/kg	Drug: Sufentanil; Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg. Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.; Drug: Metoprolol (MET); Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg. The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Experimental: Metoprolol 0.5 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.1 mcg/kg	Drug: Sufentanil; Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg. Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.; Drug: Metoprolol (MET); Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg. The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Experimental: Metoprolol 0.5 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.2 mcg/kg	Drug: Sufentanil; Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg. Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.; Drug: Metoprolol (MET); Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg. The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Experimental: Metoprolol 0.5 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.3 mcg/kg	Drug: Sufentanil; Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg. Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.; Drug: Metoprolol (MET); Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg. The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Experimental: Metoprolol 0.5 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.4 mcg/kg	Drug: Sufentanil; Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg. Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.; Drug: Metoprolol (MET); Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg. The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Experimental: Metoprolol 0.5 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.5 mcg/kg	Drug: Sufentanil; Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg. Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.; Drug: Metoprolol (MET); Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg. The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Percentage of participants achieving hemodynamic stability after tracheal intubation	within 0-10 min after intubation

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
incidence of bradycardia	within 0-10 min after intubation
incidence of tachycardia	within 0-10 min after intubation
incidence of hypotension	within 0-10 min after intubation
incidence of hypertension	within 0-10 min after intubation

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
adverse event	up to 24 hours postoperatively

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Fujian Provincial Hospital
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Yanhua Guo, Fujian Provincial Hospital

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Estimated): June 22, 2026
• Primary Completion (Estimated): May 22, 2027
• Study Completion (Estimated): May 22, 2027

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 13, 2026
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 13, 2026
• First Posted (Actual): May 19, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 20, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 18, 2026
• Last Verified: May 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Organic Chemicals; Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring; Heterocyclic Compounds; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Amines; Piperidines; Crystalloid Solutions; Isotonic Solutions; Solutions; Alcohols; Phenoxypropanolamines; Propanolamines; Amino Alcohols; Propanols; Fentanyl; Metoprolol; Sufentanil; Saline Solution
• Other Study ID Numbers: K2024-03-015/02

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No