- ICH GCP
- Register voor klinische proeven in de VS.
- Klinische proef NCT07597564
Dose-Response Interaction of Metoprolol and Sufentanil for Attenuating Hemodynamic Responses in Tracheal Intubation
Dose-Response Interaction of Metoprolol and Sufentanil for Attenuating Hemodynamic Responses in Tracheal Intubation: Prospective Randomized Double-blind Study
This randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical study will evaluate the effects of different dose combinations of intravenous metoprolol and sufentanil on cardiovascular responses during oral endotracheal intubation under general anesthesia.
Endotracheal intubation may cause transient increases in heart rate and blood pressure due to sympathetic stimulation. This study aims to determine whether metoprolol, in combination with different doses of sufentanil, can improve hemodynamic stability during and after intubation.
A total of 900 adult patients aged 18 to 65 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II who are scheduled for elective non-cardiac surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation will be enrolled. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of 30 groups according to the combination of metoprolol dose and sufentanil dose. Metoprolol doses include 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 mg/kg, and sufentanil doses include 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 mcg/kg.
All participants will receive standardized anesthetic induction and maintenance. Hemodynamic changes will be observed for 10 minutes after intubation. The main outcome is the success rate of hemodynamic stability within 0 to 10 minutes after intubation. Secondary outcomes include the incidence of hypotension, hypertension, bradycardia, and tachycardia.
Studie Overzicht
Toestand
Interventie / Behandeling
Studietype
Inschrijving (Geschat)
Fase
- Fase 4
Contacten en locaties
Studiecontact
- Naam: Yanhua Guo
- Telefoonnummer: +86-18050333902
- E-mail: guoyanhua19@126.com
Studie Locaties
-
-
Fujian
-
Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350000
- Fujian Provincial Hospital
-
Contact:
- Yanhua Guo
- Telefoonnummer: +86-18050333902
- E-mail: guoyanhua19@126.com
-
-
Deelname Criteria
Geschiktheidscriteria
Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie
- Volwassen
- Oudere volwassene
Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers
Beschrijving
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age 18 to 65 years.
- American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II.
- Scheduled for elective non-cardiac surgery.
- Planned general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Cardiovascular or respiratory diseases, such as uncontrolled hypertension or bronchial asthma.
- Current use of β-blockers.
- History of chronic drug use or alcohol abuse.
- Hepatic or renal impairment.
- Known allergy to any study drug.
- Anticipated difficult airway.
- Any other condition that may affect the conduct of the study.
Studie plan
Hoe is de studie opgezet?
Ontwerpdetails
- Primair doel: Preventie
- Toewijzing: Gerandomiseerd
- Interventioneel model: Parallelle opdracht
- Masker: Verdrievoudigen
Wapens en interventies
Deelnemersgroep / Arm |
Interventie / Behandeling |
|---|---|
|
Actieve vergelijker: Metoprolol 0 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.1 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction as placebo in a volume matched to the metoprolol intervention.
The study drug will be delivered through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and participants assigned to the placebo arm will receive a volume corresponding to the randomized dosing schedule used in the metoprolol groups.
|
|
Actieve vergelijker: Metoprolol 0 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.2 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction as placebo in a volume matched to the metoprolol intervention.
The study drug will be delivered through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and participants assigned to the placebo arm will receive a volume corresponding to the randomized dosing schedule used in the metoprolol groups.
|
|
Actieve vergelijker: Metoprolol 0 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.3 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction as placebo in a volume matched to the metoprolol intervention.
The study drug will be delivered through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and participants assigned to the placebo arm will receive a volume corresponding to the randomized dosing schedule used in the metoprolol groups.
|
|
Actieve vergelijker: Metoprolol 0 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.4 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction as placebo in a volume matched to the metoprolol intervention.
The study drug will be delivered through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and participants assigned to the placebo arm will receive a volume corresponding to the randomized dosing schedule used in the metoprolol groups.
|
|
Actieve vergelijker: Metoprolol 0 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.5 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction as placebo in a volume matched to the metoprolol intervention.
The study drug will be delivered through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and participants assigned to the placebo arm will receive a volume corresponding to the randomized dosing schedule used in the metoprolol groups.
|
|
Experimenteel: Metoprolol 0.1 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.1 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Experimenteel: Metoprolol 0.1 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.2 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Experimenteel: Metoprolol 0.1 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.3 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Experimenteel: Metoprolol 0.1 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.4 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Experimenteel: Metoprolol 0.1 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.5 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Experimenteel: Metoprolol 0.2 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.1 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Experimenteel: Metoprolol 0.2 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.2 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Experimenteel: Metoprolol 0.2 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.3 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Experimenteel: Metoprolol 0.2 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.4 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Experimenteel: Metoprolol 0.2 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.5 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Experimenteel: Metoprolol 0.3 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.1 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Experimenteel: Metoprolol 0.3 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.2 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Experimenteel: Metoprolol 0.3 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.3 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Experimenteel: Metoprolol 0.3 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.4 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Experimenteel: Metoprolol 0.3 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.5 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Experimenteel: Metoprolol 0.4 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.1 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Experimenteel: Metoprolol 0.4 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.2 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Experimenteel: Metoprolol 0.4 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.3 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Experimenteel: Metoprolol 0.4 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.4 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Experimenteel: Metoprolol 0.4 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.5 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Experimenteel: Metoprolol 0.5 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.1 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Experimenteel: Metoprolol 0.5 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.2 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Experimenteel: Metoprolol 0.5 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.3 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Experimenteel: Metoprolol 0.5 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.4 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Experimenteel: Metoprolol 0.5 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.5 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
Wat meet het onderzoek?
Primaire uitkomstmaten
Uitkomstmaat |
Tijdsspanne |
|---|---|
|
Percentage of participants achieving hemodynamic stability after tracheal intubation
Tijdsspanne: within 0-10 min after intubation
|
within 0-10 min after intubation
|
Secundaire uitkomstmaten
Uitkomstmaat |
Tijdsspanne |
|---|---|
|
incidence of bradycardia
Tijdsspanne: within 0-10 min after intubation
|
within 0-10 min after intubation
|
|
incidence of tachycardia
Tijdsspanne: within 0-10 min after intubation
|
within 0-10 min after intubation
|
|
incidence of hypotension
Tijdsspanne: within 0-10 min after intubation
|
within 0-10 min after intubation
|
|
incidence of hypertension
Tijdsspanne: within 0-10 min after intubation
|
within 0-10 min after intubation
|
Andere uitkomstmaten
Uitkomstmaat |
Tijdsspanne |
|---|---|
|
adverse event
Tijdsspanne: up to 24 hours postoperatively
|
up to 24 hours postoperatively
|
Medewerkers en onderzoekers
Sponsor
Onderzoekers
- Hoofdonderzoeker: Yanhua Guo, Fujian Provincial Hospital
Studie record data
Bestudeer belangrijke data
Studie start (Geschat)
Primaire voltooiing (Geschat)
Studie voltooiing (Geschat)
Studieregistratiedata
Eerst ingediend
Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria
Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)
Updates van studierecords
Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)
Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria
Laatst geverifieerd
Meer informatie
Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie
Aanvullende relevante MeSH-voorwaarden
- Organische chemicaliën
- Heterocyclische verbindingen, 1-ring
- Heterocyclische verbindingen
- Farmaceutische voorbereidingen
- Amines
- Piperidines
- Crystalloid -oplossingen
- Isotone oplossingen
- Oplossingen
- Alcohol
- Fenoxypropanolamines
- Propanolamines
- Aminoalcoholen
- Propanolen
- Fentanyl
- Metoprolol
- Sufentanil
- Zoutoplossing
Andere studie-ID-nummers
- K2024-03-015/02
Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)
Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?
Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten
Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel
Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct
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