Dose-Response Interaction of Metoprolol and Sufentanil for Attenuating Hemodynamic Responses in Tracheal Intubation
maanantai 18. toukokuuta 2026 päivittänyt: Yanhua Guo, Fujian Provincial Hospital
Dose-Response Interaction of Metoprolol and Sufentanil for Attenuating Hemodynamic Responses in Tracheal Intubation: Prospective Randomized Double-blind Study
This randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical study will evaluate the effects of different dose combinations of intravenous metoprolol and sufentanil on cardiovascular responses during oral endotracheal intubation under general anesthesia.
Endotracheal intubation may cause transient increases in heart rate and blood pressure due to sympathetic stimulation. This study aims to determine whether metoprolol, in combination with different doses of sufentanil, can improve hemodynamic stability during and after intubation.
A total of 900 adult patients aged 18 to 65 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II who are scheduled for elective non-cardiac surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation will be enrolled. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of 30 groups according to the combination of metoprolol dose and sufentanil dose. Metoprolol doses include 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 mg/kg, and sufentanil doses include 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 mcg/kg.
All participants will receive standardized anesthetic induction and maintenance. Hemodynamic changes will be observed for 10 minutes after intubation. The main outcome is the success rate of hemodynamic stability within 0 to 10 minutes after intubation. Secondary outcomes include the incidence of hypotension, hypertension, bradycardia, and tachycardia.
Tutkimuksen yleiskatsaus
Tila
Ei vielä rekrytointia
Interventio / Hoito
Opintotyyppi
Interventio
Ilmoittautuminen (Arvioitu)
900
Vaihe
- Vaihe 4
Yhteystiedot ja paikat
Tässä osiossa on tutkimuksen suorittajien yhteystiedot ja tiedot siitä, missä tämä tutkimus suoritetaan.
Opiskeluyhteys
- Nimi: Yanhua Guo
- Puhelinnumero: +86-18050333902
- Sähköposti: guoyanhua19@126.com
Opiskelupaikat
-
-
Fujian
-
Fuzhou, Fujian, Kiina, 350000
- Fujian Provincial Hospital
-
Ottaa yhteyttä:
- Yanhua Guo
- Puhelinnumero: +86-18050333902
- Sähköposti: guoyanhua19@126.com
-
-
Osallistumiskriteerit
Tutkijat etsivät ihmisiä, jotka sopivat tiettyyn kuvaukseen, jota kutsutaan kelpoisuuskriteereiksi. Joitakin esimerkkejä näistä kriteereistä ovat henkilön yleinen terveydentila tai aiemmat hoidot.
Kelpoisuusvaatimukset
Opintokelpoiset iät
- Aikuinen
- Vanhempi Aikuinen
Hyväksyy terveitä vapaaehtoisia
Ei
Kuvaus
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age 18 to 65 years.
- American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II.
- Scheduled for elective non-cardiac surgery.
- Planned general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Cardiovascular or respiratory diseases, such as uncontrolled hypertension or bronchial asthma.
- Current use of β-blockers.
- History of chronic drug use or alcohol abuse.
- Hepatic or renal impairment.
- Known allergy to any study drug.
- Anticipated difficult airway.
- Any other condition that may affect the conduct of the study.
Opintosuunnitelma
Tässä osiossa on tietoja tutkimussuunnitelmasta, mukaan lukien kuinka tutkimus on suunniteltu ja mitä tutkimuksella mitataan.
Miten tutkimus on suunniteltu?
Suunnittelun yksityiskohdat
- Ensisijainen käyttötarkoitus: Ennaltaehkäisy
- Jako: Satunnaistettu
- Inventiomalli: Rinnakkaistehtävä
- Naamiointi: Kolminkertaistaa
Aseet ja interventiot
Osallistujaryhmä / Arm |
Interventio / Hoito |
|---|---|
|
Active Comparator: Metoprolol 0 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.1 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction as placebo in a volume matched to the metoprolol intervention.
The study drug will be delivered through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and participants assigned to the placebo arm will receive a volume corresponding to the randomized dosing schedule used in the metoprolol groups.
|
|
Active Comparator: Metoprolol 0 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.2 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction as placebo in a volume matched to the metoprolol intervention.
The study drug will be delivered through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and participants assigned to the placebo arm will receive a volume corresponding to the randomized dosing schedule used in the metoprolol groups.
|
|
Active Comparator: Metoprolol 0 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.3 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction as placebo in a volume matched to the metoprolol intervention.
The study drug will be delivered through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and participants assigned to the placebo arm will receive a volume corresponding to the randomized dosing schedule used in the metoprolol groups.
|
|
Active Comparator: Metoprolol 0 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.4 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction as placebo in a volume matched to the metoprolol intervention.
The study drug will be delivered through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and participants assigned to the placebo arm will receive a volume corresponding to the randomized dosing schedule used in the metoprolol groups.
|
|
Active Comparator: Metoprolol 0 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.5 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction as placebo in a volume matched to the metoprolol intervention.
The study drug will be delivered through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and participants assigned to the placebo arm will receive a volume corresponding to the randomized dosing schedule used in the metoprolol groups.
|
|
Kokeellinen: Metoprolol 0.1 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.1 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Kokeellinen: Metoprolol 0.1 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.2 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Kokeellinen: Metoprolol 0.1 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.3 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Kokeellinen: Metoprolol 0.1 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.4 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Kokeellinen: Metoprolol 0.1 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.5 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Kokeellinen: Metoprolol 0.2 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.1 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Kokeellinen: Metoprolol 0.2 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.2 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Kokeellinen: Metoprolol 0.2 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.3 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Kokeellinen: Metoprolol 0.2 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.4 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Kokeellinen: Metoprolol 0.2 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.5 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Kokeellinen: Metoprolol 0.3 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.1 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Kokeellinen: Metoprolol 0.3 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.2 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Kokeellinen: Metoprolol 0.3 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.3 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Kokeellinen: Metoprolol 0.3 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.4 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Kokeellinen: Metoprolol 0.3 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.5 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Kokeellinen: Metoprolol 0.4 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.1 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Kokeellinen: Metoprolol 0.4 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.2 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Kokeellinen: Metoprolol 0.4 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.3 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Kokeellinen: Metoprolol 0.4 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.4 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Kokeellinen: Metoprolol 0.4 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.5 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Kokeellinen: Metoprolol 0.5 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.1 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Kokeellinen: Metoprolol 0.5 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.2 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Kokeellinen: Metoprolol 0.5 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.3 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Kokeellinen: Metoprolol 0.5 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.4 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
|
Kokeellinen: Metoprolol 0.5 mg/kg + Sufentanil 0.5 mcg/kg
|
Sufentanil will be administered intravenously during anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mcg/kg.
Each participant will receive sufentanil in combination with the assigned metoprolol dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
Metoprolol will be administered intravenously before anesthetic induction at the assigned dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5 mg/kg.
The study drug will be given through a dedicated intravenous catheter, and each participant will receive the dose according to the randomized treatment arm.
|
Mitä tutkimuksessa mitataan?
Ensisijaiset tulostoimenpiteet
Tulosmittaus |
Aikaikkuna |
|---|---|
|
Percentage of participants achieving hemodynamic stability after tracheal intubation
Aikaikkuna: within 0-10 min after intubation
|
within 0-10 min after intubation
|
Toissijaiset tulostoimenpiteet
Tulosmittaus |
Aikaikkuna |
|---|---|
|
incidence of bradycardia
Aikaikkuna: within 0-10 min after intubation
|
within 0-10 min after intubation
|
|
incidence of tachycardia
Aikaikkuna: within 0-10 min after intubation
|
within 0-10 min after intubation
|
|
incidence of hypotension
Aikaikkuna: within 0-10 min after intubation
|
within 0-10 min after intubation
|
|
incidence of hypertension
Aikaikkuna: within 0-10 min after intubation
|
within 0-10 min after intubation
|
Muut tulostoimenpiteet
Tulosmittaus |
Aikaikkuna |
|---|---|
|
adverse event
Aikaikkuna: up to 24 hours postoperatively
|
up to 24 hours postoperatively
|
Yhteistyökumppanit ja tutkijat
Täältä löydät tähän tutkimukseen osallistuvat ihmiset ja organisaatiot.
Sponsori
Tutkijat
- Päätutkija: Yanhua Guo, Fujian Provincial Hospital
Opintojen ennätyspäivät
Nämä päivämäärät seuraavat ClinicalTrials.gov-sivustolle lähetettyjen tutkimustietueiden ja yhteenvetojen edistymistä. National Library of Medicine (NLM) tarkistaa tutkimustiedot ja raportoidut tulokset varmistaakseen, että ne täyttävät tietyt laadunvalvontastandardit, ennen kuin ne julkaistaan julkisella verkkosivustolla.
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