Parent Satisfaction With Zirconia, Bioflx, and 3D-Printed Crowns for Primary Molars

June 23, 2026 updated by: Ahmed Said Abdelhafez, Delta University for Science and Technology

Modern Crown Options for Children: A Comparative Parent Satisfaction Study of Zirconia, Bioflx and 3D Printed Crown for Primary Molars.

This study will compare parent satisfaction with three different types of dental crowns used to restore primary (baby) molars in children: zirconia crowns, Bioflx crowns, and 3D-printed crowns.

Children between 3 and 7 years of age who need a full-coverage restoration of a primary molar will be invited to participate. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive one of the three crown types. All crowns will be placed by the same dentist using standardized treatment procedures.

After treatment, parents will be asked to complete a questionnaire about their satisfaction with the crown. The questionnaire will evaluate several aspects, including the crown's appearance, size, shape, color, durability, and overall satisfaction. Parent satisfaction will be assessed immediately after crown placement and again one month later.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether there are differences in parent satisfaction among these three crown options. The results may help dentists and families make informed decisions when choosing esthetic full-coverage restorations for primary teeth.

Study Overview

Status

Active, not recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Dental caries remains one of the most common chronic diseases affecting children worldwide. When primary molars are extensively damaged by caries, full-coverage restorations are often indicated to restore function, maintain arch integrity, and preserve the tooth until its natural exfoliation. Traditionally, stainless steel crowns have been widely used for this purpose; however, increasing parental demand for esthetic restorations has led to the development and adoption of alternative crown materials.

Zirconia crowns have gained popularity because of their excellent esthetics, biocompatibility, and durability. Bioflx crowns have emerged as another esthetic option that offers flexibility and ease of placement. More recently, advances in digital dentistry and additive manufacturing have introduced 3D-printed crowns as a potential restorative solution, allowing for customized fabrication and improved esthetic outcomes.

Although these crown systems are increasingly utilized in pediatric dentistry, limited evidence is available regarding parental satisfaction with these treatment options. Parent perception plays an important role in treatment acceptance, adherence to dental recommendations, and overall evaluation of treatment success. Understanding parental preferences and satisfaction may assist clinicians in selecting restorative materials that meet both clinical requirements and family expectations.

This randomized clinical trial is designed to compare parent satisfaction among zirconia crowns, Bioflx crowns, and 3D-printed crowns used for the restoration of primary molars. Eligible children requiring full-coverage restoration of a primary molar will be randomly allocated to one of the three treatment groups. Crown placement procedures will be standardized and performed by the same operator to minimize variability.

Parent satisfaction will be assessed using a structured questionnaire evaluating crown shape, size, color, durability, and overall satisfaction. Assessments will be performed immediately after treatment and at one-month follow-up. The findings of this study may contribute to evidence-based decision making regarding esthetic full-coverage restorations in pediatric dentistry and provide information about factors influencing parental acceptance of different crown types.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

90

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Egypt
    • Dakahlia Governorate
      • Gamasa, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt, 11152
        • Delta university for science and technology

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Indication for full-coverage restoration. Cooperative behavior classified as positive or definitely positive according to the Frankl behavior rating scale.

Parent or legal guardian willing to provide informed consent and agree to random allocation to one of the study groups.

Child medically fit to receive routine dental treatment.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Children requiring advanced behavior management techniques such as sedation or general anesthesia.

Presence of significant systemic medical conditions that may affect oral health or treatment outcomes.

History of failed crown restoration on the same tooth. Teeth with extensive structural destruction that prevents placement of any of the study crown types.

Uncooperative behavior (Frankl negative or definitely negative).

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Zirconia Crown Group
Children receiving zirconia full-coverage crowns for primary molars
Device: Zirconia crown
Full-coverage prefabricated zirconia crown used for restoration of primary molars in children.
Experimental: Bioflx Crown Group
Children receiving Bioflx full-coverage crowns for primary molars
Device: Bioflx crown
Flexible esthetic full-coverage crown used for restoration of primary molars in children.
Experimental: 3D-Printed Crown Group
Children receiving 3D printed full-coverage crowns for primary molars
Device: 3D printed crown
Custom made full coverage crown fabricated using digital scanning and 3D printing technology for restoration of primary molars.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Parent Satisfaction Score
Time Frame: Immediately after crown placement and at 1 month follow up

Parent satisfaction with the pediatric crown restoration will be assessed using a structured 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. The questionnaire evaluates satisfaction with crown shape, size, color, durability, and overall appearance.

Each item is scored as follows:

  1. = Very dissatisfied
  2. = Dissatisfied
  3. = Neutral
  4. = Satisfied
  5. = Very satisfied

The primary outcome is the mean parent satisfaction score across the evaluated domains for each crown type (zirconia, Bioflx, and 3D-printed crowns).
Immediately after crown placement and at 1 month follow up

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Delta University for Science and Technology

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

April 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

July 1, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

July 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

June 23, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 23, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

June 29, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

June 29, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 23, 2026

Last Verified

June 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 026032213

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

Individual participant data will not be publicly shared to ensure confidentiality and compliance with ethical approval requirements. Only summarized and de-identified data will be available through publications and presentations

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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