Does Traditional Archery Training Enhance Psychological Abilities? (TAT and PA)

July 1, 2026 updated by: Coşkun YILMAZ, Gümüşhane Universıty
This study aims to investigate the effects of a 12-week traditional archery training program on sport imagery ability and problem-solving skills in healthy university students. Participants without previous archery experience were randomly allocated into either a traditional archery training group or a non-exercising control group. Psychological outcomes were evaluated before and after the intervention using validated questionnaires.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

The study was designed as a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest controlled trial.

Healthy university students aged 18-23 years without previous archery experience were recruited through convenience sampling. Participants were randomly assigned to either:

Traditional Archery Training group Control group

The intervention lasted 12 weeks.

Training was performed:

2 sessions/week 2 hours/session

Total training time:

48 hours

The first six weeks focused primarily on basic draw practice.

The last six weeks included

basic draw shooting practice archery games

Primary outcomes included:

Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire (SIAQ) Problem Solving Inventory (PSI)

Measurements were obtained before and after the intervention.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

2

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Trabzon, Ordu, Giresun, Rize, Artvin, Gümüşhane
      • Gümüşhane, Trabzon, Ordu, Giresun, Rize, Artvin, Gümüşhane, Turkey (Türkiye), 29600
        • Gumushane Üniversity

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Healthy university students
  • Age between 18 and 25 years
  • Male or female
  • No previous archery experience
  • No participation in regular physical activity during the intervention
  • Written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Previous archery experience
  • Participation in any structured exercise during the intervention
  • Any medical condition preventing participation
  • Withdrawal from the study
  • Receiving physical therapy during the intervention

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Traditional Archery Training
Participants completed a supervised 12-week traditional archery training program twice weekly.
Behavioral: Traditional Archery Training (TAT)
Participants completed a structured 12-week traditional archery training program consisting of basic draw exercises, thumb draw practice, shooting practice, and archery games under supervision.
No Intervention: No Intervention
Participants maintained their usual sedentary lifestyle and received no exercise intervention.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Sport Imagery Ability
Time Frame: Week 12
Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire (SIAQ) consists of 15 items on a 7-point Likert scale and is evaluated by the average of the sub-dimensions (Skill, Strategy, Goal, Emotion, Mastery) or the overall average (between 1 and 7). A score range of 5.01-7.00 indicates high imagery ability, while a score range of 1.00-3.00 indicates low ability.
Week 12
Problem Solving Ability
Time Frame: Week 12
The Problem Solving Inventory (PSI) measures individuals' problem-solving skills and attitudes using a 32-item self-report scale; a total score between 32 and 192 indicates high skill, while a high score indicates low skill (less effective strategy). The assessment is based on high ability (32-80), moderate ability (81-140), and low ability (141-192) ranges.
Week 12

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Skill Imagery (SIAQ)
Time Frame: 12 Week
The Skill Imagery (SIAQ) subscale is scored on a 7-point Likert scale, averaging the scores of 3 items (3, 8, 12) to obtain a score between 1.00 and 7.00, with higher scores indicating better visualization ability. This measure classifies skill level according to score ranges of 5.01-7.00 (High), 3.01-5.00 (Medium), and 1.00-3.00 (Low).
12 Week

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Gümüşhane Universıty

Collaborators

Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University

Investigators

  • Study Director: Coşkun YILMAZ, Associate professor, Gümüşhane Universıty

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

January 15, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

May 25, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

June 10, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

June 26, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 1, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

July 6, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

July 6, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 1, 2026

Last Verified

July 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 2024.03.04

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

Individual participant data will not be made publicly available because of participant confidentiality and institutional ethics restrictions. Aggregate data are reported in the published manuscript.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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