Development of Anti-Diabetic Nutraceuticals From Legume Seed Coats

June 30, 2026 updated by: Rajesh Kumar T, JSS MEDICAL COLLEGE, JSS ACADEMY OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND RESEARCH

Evaluation of Boiled Water Extracts of Legumes Seed Coats for Alpha Amylase and Alpha Glucosidase Activity: Formulation of Anti- Diabetic Nutraceuticals

This open-label clinical trial aims to evaluate whether daily consumption of soup prepared from boiled water extracts of selected legume seed coats, seasoned with salt and spices, improves glycemic regulation in individuals with metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The primary question is whether daily intake of this palatable legume-based soup enhances glycemic control. Secondary questions include whether it reduces dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation in participants with metabolic syndrome or T2DM. Participants will consume the soup once daily for 30 consecutive days. Clinical assessments, including HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation will be conducted at baseline and after the 30-day intervention.

Study Overview

Status

Enrolling by invitation

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the leading metabolic disorders worldwide and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Elevated postprandial blood glucose levels are recognized as an important risk factor for the development and exacerbation of T2DM and its macro- and micro-vascular complications. The acute glucose fluctuations induce oxidative stress and systemic inflammation and fastens the disease progression. Most oral anti-diabetic medications (metformin, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones) lower basal blood glucose levels; nevertheless, for effective long-term glycemic control, postprandial hyperglycemia must also be effectively managed.

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) are a unique group of oral anti-diabetic medications that help lower post-prandial glucose spikes. They work by blocking the alpha-glucosidase enzyme in the intestine, which normally breaks down complex sugars into glucose for absorption. Currently, a few FDA-approved AGIs-such as acarbose, miglitol, and voglibose-are used to manage type 2 diabetes (T2DM). These drugs have been shown to improve blood sugar control and reduce risks of heart disease. Clinical trials suggest that the efficacy of acarbose to manage blood sugar is comparable to metformin, and the combination of both drugs is even more effective. However, long-term use of acarbose is often limited by digestive side effects. This highlights the need for safer, more selective, and better-tolerated AGIs.

Legume seeds are rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, and dietary fiber, which are known to inhibit alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase activity. After screening commonly consumed legumes, our laboratory identified boiled water extracts of certain seed coats with strong alpha-glucosidase inhibition, as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We have developed a palatable soup using these extracts.

This open-label, pre-post clinical trial will test whether daily consumption of the soup improves blood sugar control in individuals at high risk, including those with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study will also include healthy volunteers. Participants will consume the soup daily for one month. Primary outcomes will include changes in fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and postprandial glucose levels, assessed at predefined time points. Secondary outcomes will examine changes in lipid profile (dyslipidemia), biomarkers of oxidative stress, and markers of systemic inflammation. This study builds on prior laboratory findings and seeks to translate them into a practical, palatable dietary intervention with potential relevance for the prevention and management of hyperglycemia and associated metabolic disorders.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

100

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • India
    • Karnataka
      • Mysore, Karnataka, India, 570015
        • JSS Medical College

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

i. Healthy volunteers aged 20 to <60 years. ii. Individuals with one or more of the following risk factors: BMI >25 kg/m², systolic blood pressure (SBP) >130 mmHg, dyslipidemia, or HbA1c between 5.7-6.4% (prediabetes range).

iii. Adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Exclusion Criteria:

i. History of gastrointestinal diseases. ii. Use of antibiotics within the past 3 months. iii. Pregnant or lactating women. iv. Individuals diagnosed with cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, cancer, liver disease, or autoimmune disorders.

v. Current use of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor medications.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Open-label Pre-post Trial of Legume Seed Coat Soup
Participants will consume 200 ml of legume seed coat soup daily for four weeks, excluding Sundays, with delivery scheduled between 10:00 and 12:00 noon. Anthropometric measurements and blood samples will be collected at baseline and after the four-week intervention, while capillary blood glucose will be assessed using a glucometer at baseline, two weeks, and four weeks.
Dietary supplement: Legumes seed soup
The pre-processed seed coats of legumes (Vigna mungo or Macrotyloma uniflorum) are boiled to obtain extracts, combined with varying amounts of cooked cotyledons, and seasoned with salt and spices.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change from baseline in Fasting blood glucose and HbA1c at 4 weeks
Time Frame: Baseline and 4th week
Fasting blood glucose and plasma HbA1c measured at clinical biochemistry diagnostic laboratory.
Baseline and 4th week
Change from baseline in capillary blood glucose levels after meal at 2 and 4 week
Time Frame: Baseline, 2nd week and 4th week
Capillary blood glucose levels at baseline, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min and 120 min after a meal by glucometer
Baseline, 2nd week and 4th week

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change from baseline in Total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL at 4 weeks
Time Frame: Baseline and 4th week
Lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, and HDL-C) assessment before and after the intervention at the Clinical Biochemistry Diagnostic Laboratory.
Baseline and 4th week
Change from baseline in circulatory markers of oxidative stress at 4 week
Time Frame: Baseline and 4th week
Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and serum free thiols measurement using spectrofluorometry and spectrophotometry.
Baseline and 4th week
Change from baseline in circulatory markers of inflammation at 4 weeks
Time Frame: Baseline and 4th week
Serum cytokines measurement by immunoassay
Baseline and 4th week
Change from baseline in serum creatinine at 4 weeks
Time Frame: Baseline and 4th week
Serum creatinine levels measurement at clinical biochemistry diagnostic laboratory
Baseline and 4th week
Change from baseline in Systolic blood pressure & Diastolic Blood pressure at 4 weeks
Time Frame: Baseline and 4th week
Blood pressure measurement using a digital blood pressure monitor
Baseline and 4th week
Change from baseline in bodyweight at 4 weeks
Time Frame: Baseline and 4th week
Body weight measurement using adigital scale
Baseline and 4th week

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

JSS MEDICAL COLLEGE, JSS ACADEMY OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND RESEARCH

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Rajesh K Thimmulappa, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

June 22, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

July 15, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

July 22, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

June 30, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 30, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

July 7, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

July 7, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 30, 2026

Last Verified

June 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • JSS/MC/PG/25MC/2024-25

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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