Planned Behaviour and Traditional Training

August 27, 2026 updated by: Mümin SAVAŞ

The Effect of Video Training of Virtual Reality Based on Theory of Planned Behaviour and Traditional Training on Students' Hand Hygiene Behaviours

The aim of this quasi-experimental study is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) headset-based hand hygiene education and classical theory-based education on the hand hygiene behaviors of primary school students. The study was conducted with 195 primary school students divided into three groups: a VR education group, a classical education group, and a control group. Data were collected using a socio-demographic form and the Hygiene Behavior Scale before and after the intervention to determine the change in students' hygiene habits.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

This quasi-experimental study evaluated the effect of virtual reality (VR) headset-based education compared with classical planned behavior-based education on the hand hygiene behaviors of primary school students. The study was conducted with 195 primary school students across three schools, categorized into an intervention group (VR training), a classical education group (theory-based training), and a control group (general information). Data were collected using a socio-demographic form and the Hygiene Behavior Scale before and immediately after the intervention to assess group differences and changes in hygiene practices.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

195

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Adıyaman Province
      • Adıyaman, Adıyaman Province, Turkey (Türkiye), 02040
        • Adıyaman University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • • Having a low hand hygiene level (39 points and above),

    • Agreeing to participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • • Wearing goggles,

    • Suffering from any disease during the research,
    • Withdrawing from the study.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Non-Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Experimental Group 1 (VR Education)
Students received hand hygiene education using a virtual reality headset.
Behavioral: Virtual Reality-Based Hand Hygiene Education
Interactive hand hygiene training delivered through virtual reality headsets
Experimental: Experimental Group 2 (Classical Education)
Students received planned behavior-based hand hygiene education through classical methods.
Behavioral: Classical Hand Hygiene Education
Traditional theory-based hand hygiene training delivered in a classroom setting.
No Intervention: Control Group
Students received general information about the importance of hand hygiene.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in Hygiene Behavior Scale (HBS) Score
Time Frame: Baseline and 3 months post-intervention
Evaluation of primary school students' hand hygiene behaviors measured using the Hygiene Behavior Scale. HBS has 25 items and 3 subscales (personal hygiene subscale (the first 13 items), hand washing subscale (items 14-19), food hygiene subscale (items 20-25)). Items are scored as 1-Always, 2-Sometimes, 3-Rarely, and 4-Never. Scores range from [25] to [100], a total of 39 points or above indicates negative hygiene behaviour.
Baseline and 3 months post-intervention

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Mümin SAVAŞ

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

March 2, 2023

Primary Completion (Actual)

March 7, 2023

Study Completion (Actual)

June 15, 2023

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

August 25, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

August 27, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

August 31, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

August 31, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

August 27, 2026

Last Verified

August 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 22/11/2022, 349

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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