Effects of Mental Tasks on Breathing Patterns in Adults Using Chronic Opioids vs Non-opioid Users. (AWAKE)
Control of Ventilation During Wakefulness in Opioid vs. Non-opioid Patients
The goal of this observational study is to find out if using your brain for a mental task changes how you breathe. Researchers want to compare three groups of adults: people who take opioid pain medicine every day, people with sleep apnea, and healthy people with neither condition. The main questions this study aims to answer are:
- Does breathing change differently during mental tasks in people who take opioids, people with sleep apnea, and healthy controls?
- Is the connection between brain activity and breathing disrupted more in people who use chronic opioids or have OSA, compared with healthy controls, during periods of mental effort?
Researchers will compare the three groups to see if opioid use or sleep apnea makes breathing less steady, or weakens the link between the brain and breathing, when a person is concentrating on a task.
Participants will visit the UC San Diego Sleep Laboratory one time. During the visit, they will:
- Answer questions about sleep, opioid use, and sleep apnea risk.
- Have sensors placed on their skin and scalp to measure brain waves, breathing, and oxygen levels. This is the same kind of equipment used in a regular sleep study, and it does not hurt.
- Sit quietly and rest while their breathing and brain waves are recorded.
- Do a series of short mental tasks on a computer, tablet, or paper, testing things like memory, attention, and thinking speed, while their breathing and brain waves continue to be recorded.
No medicine or treatment will be given during the study, and no blood or other samples will be collected. This study only involves watching and measuring, not testing any treatment.
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Study Type
Enrollment (Estimated)
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
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California
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San Diego, California, United States, 92037
- University of California San Diego
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-
Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
- Adult
- Older Adult
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Sampling Method
Study Population
Description
Inclusion Criteria
All participants
- Able to provide informed consent
- Able to communicate in English, see/hear task stimuli (with usual corrective devices), follow multistep instructions, and complete a brief cognitive-task practice example
Opioid group
- Daily prescribed opioid use, under medical supervision, for chronic non-cancer pain, for ≥3 months
- Prescribed dose ≥20 MME/day (no upper limit)
- Stable dose for ≥2 weeks
OSA group
- Diagnosed OSA with AHI ≥15 events/hour (documented on a prior clinical sleep study)
Healthy control group
- No history of chronic prescribed opioid use
- No known history/diagnosis of OSA
- If a prior sleep study exists, AHI must be <10 events/hour within the past 3 years
Exclusion criteria
- Prisoners
- Pregnancy
- BMI <20 or >35
- Unable/unwilling to give informed consent or comply with study procedures
- Significant comorbidities of other organ systems (e.g., chronic kidney disease, CHF/active cardiac symptoms, cirrhosis, severe lung disease)
- Diseases affecting respiratory muscles or breathing control (neuromuscular, neurodegenerative, congenital)
- Psychiatric disease other than controlled mood disorders
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
Cohorts and Interventions
Group / Cohort |
|---|
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Healthy Control Group
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Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Opioid Use
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What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
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Respiratory pattern changes during standardized cognitive load tasks
Time Frame: 2 hours
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2 hours
|
|
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Respiratory variability/irregularity
Time Frame: 2 hours
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Measured from breathing signals (nasal pressure/airflow, thoracoabdominal effort belts, end-tidal CO2) during cognitive tasks vs. baseline
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2 hours
|
Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
|
EEG-respiratory coupling
Time Frame: 2 hours
|
cortical-respiratory coupling - the degree of association between EEG activity and respiratory signal timing
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2 hours
|
Collaborators and Investigators
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Jeremy Orr, MD, UC San Diego
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Estimated)
Primary Completion (Estimated)
Study Completion (Estimated)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Actual)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- 815022
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type
- STUDY_PROTOCOL
- SAP
- ICF
- ANALYTIC_CODE
- CSR
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
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