Association Between Lip Print Patterns, Gingival Phenotype, Labial Frenum Attachment, And Gender Determination in A Group of Egyptians. A Cross Sectional Study.

September 27, 2026 updated by: Noha Hashem, Al-Azhar University

This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate gingival phenotypes, cheiloscopic lip print patterns, and labial frenum attachment levels in healthy adult participants, and to investigate potential associations between these anatomical traits and gender.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Detailed Description

Background: Anatomical variations of the periodontium and surrounding oral structures, such as gingival phenotypes, lip print patterns (cheiloscopy), and labial frenum attachments, exhibit individual diversity that can be influenced by demographic factors.

Objective: To assess and correlate gingival phenotypes, lip print patterns, and labial frenum attachment levels in a sample of healthy adult periodontal patients.

Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study will examine healthy participants. Clinical examinations will record gingival phenotype, classify lip print patterns using standard cheiloscopic classification, and evaluate labial frenum attachment levels. Statistical analysis will be performed to determine correlations and differences.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

100

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

Egypt
- Medenat Nasr
  - Cairo, Medenat Nasr, Egypt, 002
    - Fuculty of dentistry Al-Azhar University in Egypt for girl

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

20 years to 40 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Healthy adult participants attending the dental clinic who meet the inclusion criteria for evaluation of periodontal phenotypes and anatomical variations.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Periodontal healthy subjects.
Male and female aging from 20 to 40 years old.

Exclusion criteria:

Pregnant woman and lactating mothers.
Subjects who refuse to participate in the study.
Periodontally affected patient.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Observational Models: COHORT
Time Perspectives: CROSS_SECTIONAL

Number of groups / cohorts

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Healthy Periodontal Participants Adult participants with a healthy periodontium who undergo clinical examination to evaluate gingival phenotypes, cheiloscopic lip print patterns, and labial frenum attachment levels.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
association of Gingival Phenotype and Lip Print Patterns, Time Frame: At the time of the single-visit clinical examination (Baseline)	Clinical recording of gingival phenotype(transgingival propping) , Lip Print Patterns according to suzziki classification of cheiloscopic patterns,	At the time of the single-visit clinical examination (Baseline)
association of Gingival Phenotype , Lip Print Patterns and Labial Frenum Attachment Level and gender determination in group of Egyptians cross section study Time Frame: At the time of the single-visit clinical examination (Baseline)	assessment of labial frenum attachment levels by visual record for each participant.	At the time of the single-visit clinical examination (Baseline)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Al-Azhar University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

August 1, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

May 1, 2026

Study Completion (Actual)

June 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

September 16, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

September 27, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

October 2, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)